bhema
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukubhema | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukubhema | ukungabhemi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | bhema | -bheme | |||||||
Plural | bhemani | -bhemeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyabhema, ngibhema | engibhemayo, engibhema | ngibhema | angibhemi | engingabhemi | ngingabhemi | |||
2nd singular | uyabhema, ubhema | obhemayo, obhema | ubhema | awubhemi | ongabhemi | ungabhemi | |||
1st plural | siyabhema, sibhema | esibhemayo, esibhema | sibhema | asibhemi | esingabhemi | singabhemi | |||
2nd plural | niyabhema, nibhema | enibhemayo, enibhema | nibhema | anibhemi | eningabhemi | ningabhemi | |||
Class 1 | uyabhema, ubhema | obhemayo, obhema | ebhema | akabhemi | ongabhemi | engabhemi | |||
Class 2 | bayabhema, babhema | ababhemayo, ababhema | bebhema | ababhemi | abangabhemi | bengabhemi | |||
Class 3 | uyabhema, ubhema | obhemayo, obhema | ubhema | awubhemi | ongabhemi | ungabhemi | |||
Class 4 | iyabhema, ibhema | ebhemayo, ebhema | ibhema | ayibhemi | engabhemi | ingabhemi | |||
Class 5 | liyabhema, libhema | elibhemayo, elibhema | libhema | alibhemi | elingabhemi | lingabhemi | |||
Class 6 | ayabhema, abhema | abhemayo, abhema | ebhema | awabhemi | angabhemi | engabhemi | |||
Class 7 | siyabhema, sibhema | esibhemayo, esibhema | sibhema | asibhemi | esingabhemi | singabhemi | |||
Class 8 | ziyabhema, zibhema | ezibhemayo, ezibhema | zibhema | azibhemi | ezingabhemi | zingabhemi | |||
Class 9 | iyabhema, ibhema | ebhemayo, ebhema | ibhema | ayibhemi | engabhemi | ingabhemi | |||
Class 10 | ziyabhema, zibhema | ezibhemayo, ezibhema | zibhema | azibhemi | ezingabhemi | zingabhemi | |||
Class 11 | luyabhema, lubhema | olubhemayo, olubhema | lubhema | alubhemi | olungabhemi | lungabhemi | |||
Class 14 | buyabhema, bubhema | obubhemayo, obubhema | bubhema | abubhemi | obungabhemi | bungabhemi | |||
Class 15 | kuyabhema, kubhema | okubhemayo, okubhema | kubhema | akubhemi | okungabhemi | kungabhemi | |||
Class 17 | kuyabhema, kubhema | okubhemayo, okubhema | kubhema | akubhemi | okungabhemi | kungabhemi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngibhemile, ngibhemē | engibhemile, engibhemē | ngibhemile, ngibhemē | angibhemanga | engingabhemanga | ngingabhemanga | |||
2nd singular | ubhemile, ubhemē | obhemile, obhemē | ubhemile, ubhemē | awubhemanga | ongabhemanga | ungabhemanga | |||
1st plural | sibhemile, sibhemē | esibhemile, esibhemē | sibhemile, sibhemē | asibhemanga | esingabhemanga | singabhemanga | |||
2nd plural | nibhemile, nibhemē | enibhemile, enibhemē | nibhemile, nibhemē | anibhemanga | eningabhemanga | ningabhemanga | |||
Class 1 | ubhemile, ubhemē | obhemile, obhemē | ebhemile, ebhemē | akabhemanga | ongabhemanga | engabhemanga | |||
Class 2 | babhemile, babhemē | ababhemile, ababhemē | bebhemile, bebhemē | ababhemanga | abangabhemanga | bengabhemanga | |||
Class 3 | ubhemile, ubhemē | obhemile, obhemē | ubhemile, ubhemē | awubhemanga | ongabhemanga | ungabhemanga | |||
Class 4 | ibhemile, ibhemē | ebhemile, ebhemē | ibhemile, ibhemē | ayibhemanga | engabhemanga | ingabhemanga | |||
Class 5 | libhemile, libhemē | elibhemile, elibhemē | libhemile, libhemē | alibhemanga | elingabhemanga | lingabhemanga | |||
Class 6 | abhemile, abhemē | abhemile, abhemē | ebhemile, ebhemē | awabhemanga | angabhemanga | engabhemanga | |||
Class 7 | sibhemile, sibhemē | esibhemile, esibhemē | sibhemile, sibhemē | asibhemanga | esingabhemanga | singabhemanga | |||
Class 8 | zibhemile, zibhemē | ezibhemile, ezibhemē | zibhemile, zibhemē | azibhemanga | ezingabhemanga | zingabhemanga | |||
Class 9 | ibhemile, ibhemē | ebhemile, ebhemē | ibhemile, ibhemē | ayibhemanga | engabhemanga | ingabhemanga | |||
Class 10 | zibhemile, zibhemē | ezibhemile, ezibhemē | zibhemile, zibhemē | azibhemanga | ezingabhemanga | zingabhemanga | |||
Class 11 | lubhemile, lubhemē | olubhemile, olubhemē | lubhemile, lubhemē | alubhemanga | olungabhemanga | lungabhemanga | |||
Class 14 | bubhemile, bubhemē | obubhemile, obubhemē | bubhemile, bubhemē | abubhemanga | obungabhemanga | bungabhemanga | |||
Class 15 | kubhemile, kubhemē | okubhemile, okubhemē | kubhemile, kubhemē | akubhemanga | okungabhemanga | kungabhemanga | |||
Class 17 | kubhemile, kubhemē | okubhemile, okubhemē | kubhemile, kubhemē | akubhemanga | okungabhemanga | kungabhemanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngābhema | engābhema | ngābhema | angibhemanga | engingabhemanga | ngingabhemanga | |||
2nd singular | wābhema | owābhema | wābhema | awubhemanga | ongabhemanga | ungabhemanga | |||
1st plural | sābhema | esābhema | sābhema | asibhemanga | esingabhemanga | singabhemanga | |||
2nd plural | nābhema | enābhema | nābhema | anibhemanga | eningabhemanga | ningabhemanga | |||
Class 1 | wābhema | owābhema | ābhema | akabhemanga | ongabhemanga | engabhemanga | |||
Class 2 | bābhema | abābhema | bābhema | ababhemanga | abangabhemanga | bengabhemanga | |||
Class 3 | wābhema | owābhema | wābhema | awubhemanga | ongabhemanga | ungabhemanga | |||
Class 4 | yābhema | eyābhema | yābhema | ayibhemanga | engabhemanga | ingabhemanga | |||
Class 5 | lābhema | elābhema | lābhema | alibhemanga | elingabhemanga | lingabhemanga | |||
Class 6 | ābhema | ābhema | ābhema | awabhemanga | angabhemanga | engabhemanga | |||
Class 7 | sābhema | esābhema | sābhema | asibhemanga | esingabhemanga | singabhemanga | |||
Class 8 | zābhema | ezābhema | zābhema | azibhemanga | ezingabhemanga | zingabhemanga | |||
Class 9 | yābhema | eyābhema | yābhema | ayibhemanga | engabhemanga | ingabhemanga | |||
Class 10 | zābhema | ezābhema | zābhema | azibhemanga | ezingabhemanga | zingabhemanga | |||
Class 11 | lwābhema | olwābhema | lwābhema | alubhemanga | olungabhemanga | lungabhemanga | |||
Class 14 | bābhema | obābhema | bābhema | abubhemanga | obungabhemanga | bungabhemanga | |||
Class 15 | kwābhema | okwābhema | kwābhema | akubhemanga | okungabhemanga | kungabhemanga | |||
Class 17 | kwābhema | okwābhema | kwābhema | akubhemanga | okungabhemanga | kungabhemanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingabhema | — | ngingabhema | ngingebheme | — | ngingebheme | |||
2nd singular | ungabhema | — | ungabhema | ungebheme | — | ungebheme | |||
1st plural | singabhema | — | singabhema | singebheme | — | singebheme | |||
2nd plural | ningabhema | — | ningabhema | ningebheme | — | ningebheme | |||
Class 1 | angabhema | — | engabhema | angebheme | — | engebheme | |||
Class 2 | bangabhema | — | bengabhema | bangebheme | — | bengebheme | |||
Class 3 | ungabhema | — | ungabhema | ungebheme | — | ungebheme | |||
Class 4 | ingabhema | — | ingabhema | ingebheme | — | ingebheme | |||
Class 5 | lingabhema | — | lingabhema | lingebheme | — | lingebheme | |||
Class 6 | angabhema | — | engabhema | angebheme | — | engebheme | |||
Class 7 | singabhema | — | singabhema | singebheme | — | singebheme | |||
Class 8 | zingabhema | — | zingabhema | zingebheme | — | zingebheme | |||
Class 9 | ingabhema | — | ingabhema | ingebheme | — | ingebheme | |||
Class 10 | zingabhema | — | zingabhema | zingebheme | — | zingebheme | |||
Class 11 | lungabhema | — | lungabhema | lungebheme | — | lungebheme | |||
Class 14 | bungabhema | — | bungabhema | bungebheme | — | bungebheme | |||
Class 15 | kungabhema | — | kungabhema | kungebheme | — | kungebheme | |||
Class 17 | kungabhema | — | kungabhema | kungebheme | — | kungebheme | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizobhema | engizobhema | ngizobhema | angizubhema | — | ngingezubhema | |||
2nd singular | uzobhema | ozobhema | uzobhema | awuzubhema | — | ungezubhema | |||
1st plural | sizobhema | esizobhema | sizobhema | asizubhema | — | singezubhema | |||
2nd plural | nizobhema | enizobhema | nizobhema | anizubhema | — | ningezubhema | |||
Class 1 | uzobhema | ozobhema | ezobhema | akazubhema | — | engezubhema | |||
Class 2 | bazobhema | abazobhema | bezobhema | abazubhema | — | bengezubhema | |||
Class 3 | uzobhema | ozobhema | uzobhema | awuzubhema | — | ungezubhema | |||
Class 4 | izobhema | ezobhema | izobhema | ayizubhema | — | ingezubhema | |||
Class 5 | lizobhema | elizobhema | lizobhema | alizubhema | — | lingezubhema | |||
Class 6 | azobhema | azobhema | ezobhema | awazubhema | — | engezubhema | |||
Class 7 | sizobhema | esizobhema | sizobhema | asizubhema | — | singezubhema | |||
Class 8 | zizobhema | ezizobhema | zizobhema | azizubhema | — | zingezubhema | |||
Class 9 | izobhema | ezobhema | izobhema | ayizubhema | — | ingezubhema | |||
Class 10 | zizobhema | ezizobhema | zizobhema | azizubhema | — | zingezubhema | |||
Class 11 | luzobhema | oluzobhema | luzobhema | aluzubhema | — | lungezubhema | |||
Class 14 | buzobhema | obuzobhema | buzobhema | abuzubhema | — | bungezubhema | |||
Class 15 | kuzobhema | okuzobhema | kuzobhema | akuzubhema | — | kungezubhema | |||
Class 17 | kuzobhema | okuzobhema | kuzobhema | akuzubhema | — | kungezubhema | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyobhema | engiyobhema | ngiyobhema | angiyubhema | — | ngingeyubhema | |||
2nd singular | uyobhema | oyobhema | uyobhema | awuyubhema | — | ungeyubhema | |||
1st plural | siyobhema | esiyobhema | siyobhema | asiyubhema | — | singeyubhema | |||
2nd plural | niyobhema | eniyobhema | niyobhema | aniyubhema | — | ningeyubhema | |||
Class 1 | uyobhema | oyobhema | eyobhema | akayubhema | — | engeyubhema | |||
Class 2 | bayobhema | abayobhema | beyobhema | abayubhema | — | bengeyubhema | |||
Class 3 | uyobhema | oyobhema | uyobhema | awuyubhema | — | ungeyubhema | |||
Class 4 | iyobhema | eyobhema | iyobhema | ayiyubhema | — | ingeyubhema | |||
Class 5 | liyobhema | eliyobhema | liyobhema | aliyubhema | — | lingeyubhema | |||
Class 6 | ayobhema | ayobhema | eyobhema | awayubhema | — | engeyubhema | |||
Class 7 | siyobhema | esiyobhema | siyobhema | asiyubhema | — | singeyubhema | |||
Class 8 | ziyobhema | eziyobhema | ziyobhema | aziyubhema | — | zingeyubhema | |||
Class 9 | iyobhema | eyobhema | iyobhema | ayiyubhema | — | ingeyubhema | |||
Class 10 | ziyobhema | eziyobhema | ziyobhema | aziyubhema | — | zingeyubhema | |||
Class 11 | luyobhema | oluyobhema | luyobhema | aluyubhema | — | lungeyubhema | |||
Class 14 | buyobhema | obuyobhema | buyobhema | abuyubhema | — | bungeyubhema | |||
Class 15 | kuyobhema | okuyobhema | kuyobhema | akuyubhema | — | kungeyubhema | |||
Class 17 | kuyobhema | okuyobhema | kuyobhema | akuyubhema | — | kungeyubhema | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngibheme | ngingabhemi | |||||||
2nd singular | ubheme | ungabhemi | |||||||
1st plural | sibheme | singabhemi | |||||||
2nd plural | nibheme | ningabhemi | |||||||
Class 1 | abheme | angabhemi | |||||||
Class 2 | babheme | bangabhemi | |||||||
Class 3 | ubheme | ungabhemi | |||||||
Class 4 | ibheme | ingabhemi | |||||||
Class 5 | libheme | lingabhemi | |||||||
Class 6 | abheme | angabhemi | |||||||
Class 7 | sibheme | singabhemi | |||||||
Class 8 | zibheme | zingabhemi | |||||||
Class 9 | ibheme | ingabhemi | |||||||
Class 10 | zibheme | zingabhemi | |||||||
Class 11 | lubheme | lungabhemi | |||||||
Class 14 | bubheme | bungabhemi | |||||||
Class 15 | kubheme | kungabhemi | |||||||
Class 17 | kubheme | kungabhemi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngabhema | ngangabhema, angabhema, angangabhema | |||||||
2nd singular | wabhema | wangabhema, awabhema, awangabhema | |||||||
1st plural | sabhema | sangabhema, asabhema, asangabhema | |||||||
2nd plural | nabhema | nangabhema, anabhema, anangabhema | |||||||
Class 1 | wabhema | wangabhema, akabhema, akangabhema | |||||||
Class 2 | babhema | bangabhema, ababhema, abangabhema | |||||||
Class 3 | wabhema | wangabhema, awabhema, awangabhema | |||||||
Class 4 | yabhema | yangabhema, ayabhema, ayangabhema | |||||||
Class 5 | labhema | langabhema, alabhema, alangabhema | |||||||
Class 6 | abhema | angabhema, awabhema, awangabhema | |||||||
Class 7 | sabhema | sangabhema, asabhema, asangabhema | |||||||
Class 8 | zabhema | zangabhema, azabhema, azangabhema | |||||||
Class 9 | yabhema | yangabhema, ayabhema, ayangabhema | |||||||
Class 10 | zabhema | zangabhema, azabhema, azangabhema | |||||||
Class 11 | lwabhema | lwangabhema, alwabhema, alwangabhema | |||||||
Class 14 | babhema | bangabhema, ababhema, abangabhema | |||||||
Class 15 | kwabhema | kwangabhema, akwabhema, akwangabhema | |||||||
Class 17 | kwabhema | kwangabhema, akwabhema, akwangabhema |
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “bema”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “bema”
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