borjú
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from Oghur[1] before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *buŕagu. Compare Chuvash пăру (păru, “calf”), Old Turkic 𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆 (buzaɣu), Ottoman Turkish بوزاغی (buzağı, “calf”). The word can also be found in the Mongolic languages. The form that arrived in the Hungarian language was probably *buraɣu.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈborjuː]
- Hyphenation: bor‧jú
Usage notes
There are two forms for the possessive third-person with different meanings. Singular:
- a tehén borja - the calf of the cow (the mother)
- a gazda borjúja - the calf of the farmer (the owner)
Plural:
- a tehén borjai - the calves of the cow
- a gazda borjúi - the calves of the farmer
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | borjú | borjúk |
| accusative | borjút | borjúkat |
| dative | borjúnak | borjúknak |
| instrumental | borjúval | borjúkkal |
| causal-final | borjúért | borjúkért |
| translative | borjúvá | borjúkká |
| terminative | borjúig | borjúkig |
| essive-formal | borjúként | borjúkként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | borjúban | borjúkban |
| superessive | borjún | borjúkon |
| adessive | borjúnál | borjúknál |
| illative | borjúba | borjúkba |
| sublative | borjúra | borjúkra |
| allative | borjúhoz | borjúkhoz |
| elative | borjúból | borjúkból |
| delative | borjúról | borjúkról |
| ablative | borjútól | borjúktól |
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | borjú | borjak |
| accusative | borjat | borjakat |
| dative | borjúnak | borjaknak |
| instrumental | borjúval | borjakkal |
| causal-final | borjúért | borjakért |
| translative | borjúvá | borjakká |
| terminative | borjúig | borjakig |
| essive-formal | borjúként | borjakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | borjúban | borjakban |
| superessive | borjún | borjakon |
| adessive | borjúnál | borjaknál |
| illative | borjúba | borjakba |
| sublative | borjúra | borjakra |
| allative | borjúhoz | borjakhoz |
| elative | borjúból | borjakból |
| delative | borjúról | borjakról |
| ablative | borjútól | borjaktól |
| Possessive forms of borjú | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | borjúm | borjúim |
| 2nd person sing. | borjúd | borjúid |
| 3rd person sing. | borjúja | borjúi |
| 1st person plural | borjúnk | borjúink |
| 2nd person plural | borjútok | borjúitok |
| 3rd person plural | borjújuk | borjúik |
Derived terms
- borjas
- borjazik
References
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*buŕa-gu”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN
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