breathnaigh
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish brethnaigid (“judges, decides, examines, determines; thinks of, plans, designs; observes, considers, meditates, reflects”), from breth (“judgment, carrying”).
Pronunciation
- (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /ˈbˠɾˠæːn̪ˠə/
Verb
breathnaigh (present analytic breathnaíonn, future analytic breathnóidh, verbal noun breathnú, past participle breathnaithe) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation
Second Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | breathnaím | breathnaíonn tú; breathnaír† |
breathnaíonn sé, sí | breathnaímid; breathnaíonn muid |
breathnaíonn sibh | breathnaíonn siad; breathnaíd† |
a bhreathnaíonn; a bhreathnaíos / a mbreathnaíonn*; a mbreathnaíos* |
breathnaítear |
past | bhreathnaigh mé; bhreathnaíos | bhreathnaigh tú; bhreathnaís | bhreathnaigh sé, sí | bhreathnaíomar; bhreathnaigh muid | bhreathnaigh sibh; bhreathnaíobhair | bhreathnaigh siad; bhreathnaíodar | a bhreathnaigh / ar bhreathnaigh* |
breathnaíodh | |
past habitual | bhreathnaínn | bhreathnaíteá | bhreathnaíodh sé, sí | bhreathnaímis; bhreathnaíodh muid | bhreathnaíodh sibh | bhreathnaídís; bhreathnaíodh siad | a bhreathnaíodh / ar bhreathnaíodh* |
bhreathnaítí | |
future | breathnóidh mé; breathnód; breathnóchaidh mé† |
breathnóidh tú; breathnóir†; breathnóchaidh tú† |
breathnóidh sé, sí; breathnóchaidh sé, sí† |
breathnóimid; breathnóidh muid; breathnóchaimid†; breathnóchaidh muid† |
breathnóidh sibh; breathnóchaidh sibh† |
breathnóidh siad; breathnóid†; breathnóchaidh siad† |
a bhreathnóidh; a bhreathnós; a bhreathnóchaidh†; a bhreathnóchas† / a mbreathnóidh*; a mbreathnós*; a mbreathnóchaidh*†; a mbreathnóchas*† |
breathnófar; breathnóchar† | |
conditional | bhreathnóinn; bhreathnóchainn† / mbreathnóinn‡‡; mbreathnóchainn†‡‡ | bhreathnófá; bhreathnóchthᆠ/ mbreathnófᇇ; mbreathnóchthᆇ‡ | bhreathnódh sé, sí; bhreathnóchadh sé, sí† / mbreathnódh sé, s퇇; mbreathnóchadh sé, s톇‡ | bhreathnóimis; bhreathnódh muid; bhreathnóchaimis†; bhreathnóchadh muid† / mbreathnóimis‡‡; mbreathnódh muid‡‡; mbreathnóchaimis†‡‡; mbreathnóchadh muid†‡‡ | bhreathnódh sibh; bhreathnóchadh sibh† / mbreathnódh sibh‡‡; mbreathnóchadh sibh†‡‡ | bhreathnóidís; bhreathnódh siad; bhreathnóchadh siad† / mbreathnóidís‡‡; mbreathnódh siad‡‡; mbreathnóchadh siad†‡‡ | a bhreathnódh; a bhreathnóchadh† / ar bhreathnódh*; ar bhreathnóchadh*† |
bhreathnófaí; bhreathnóchthaí† / mbreathnófa퇇; mbreathnóchtha톇‡ | |
subjunctive | present | go mbreathnaí mé; go mbreathnaíod† |
go mbreathnaí tú; go mbreathnaír† |
go mbreathnaí sé, sí | go mbreathnaímid; go mbreathnaí muid |
go mbreathnaí sibh | go mbreathnaí siad; go mbreathnaíd† |
— | go mbreathnaítear |
past | dá mbreathnaínn | dá mbreathnaíteá | dá mbreathnaíodh sé, sí | dá mbreathnaímis; dá mbreathnaíodh muid |
dá mbreathnaíodh sibh | dá mbreathnaídís; dá mbreathnaíodh siad |
— | dá mbreathnaítí | |
imperative | breathnaím | breathnaigh | breathnaíodh sé, sí | breathnaímis | breathnaígí; breathnaídh† |
breathnaídís | — | breathnaítear | |
verbal noun | breathnú | ||||||||
past participle | breathnaithe |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms
- aisbhreathnaigh (“look back”, verb)
- breathnadóir m, breathnóir m (“observer, spectator”)
- breathnaigh ó (“to look (idly) around (oneself)”, verb)
- fadbhreathnaitheacht f (“far-sightedness”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
breathnaigh | bhreathnaigh | mbreathnaigh |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- "breathnaigh" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “brethnaigid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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