carduus

• cardus

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “to itch”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.du.us/, [ˈkar.dʊ.ʊs]

carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension

1. a wild thistle
2. the artichoke

Second declension.

• carduēlis
• carduētum

• Medieval Latin: cardō
  • Italian: cardo
  • Old French:
    • French: chardon
  • Old Occitan: cardon
    • → Italian: cardone
    • → Middle French: cardon
      • French: cardon
      • → English: cardoon
  • Old Occitan: carda
    • Catalan: card
    • → Old French: carde
      • French: carde
        • → English: chard
        • → Romanian: carda
      • → English: card
      • → Dutch: kaarden
  • Old Portuguese:
    • Galician: cardo
    • Portuguese: cardo
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: cardo
• ⇒ Late Latin: cardinus
  • Old Portuguese: cardeo, cardẽo
    • Galician: cárdeo
    • Portuguese: cárdeo
  • Spanish: cárdeno
• → Old High German: karta
  • Middle High German: karte
    • Alemannic German: Charte
    • German: Karde

• carduus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers