cumencer
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of cumencer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cumencer | avoir cumencé | |||||
| gerund | en cumençant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | cumençant | ||||||
| past participle | cumencé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cumenz | cumences | cumence | cumençons | cumencez | cumencent |
| imperfect | cumençoie, cumenceie, cumençoe, cumenceve | cumençoies, cumenceies, cumençoes, cumenceves | cumençoit, cumenceit, cumençot, cumenceve | cumenciiens, cumenciens | cumenciiez, cumenciez | cumençoient, cumenceient, cumençoent, cumencevent | |
| preterite | cumençai | cumenças | cumença | cumençames | cumençastes | cumencerent | |
| future | cumencerai | cumenceras | cumencera | cumencerons | cumenceroiz, cumencereiz, cumencerez | cumenceront | |
| conditional | cumenceroie, cumencereie | cumenceroies, cumencereies | cumenceroit, cumencereit | cumenceriiens, cumenceriens | cumenceriiez, cumenceriez | cumenceroient, cumencereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cumenz | cumenz | cumenzt | cumençons | cumencez | cumencent |
| imperfect | cumençasse | cumençasses | cumençast | cumencissons, cumencissiens | cumencissoiz, cumencissez, cumencissiez | cumençassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | cumence | — | cumençons | cumencez | — | ||
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