cupio

Latin

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European root akin to *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”); see also Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”), Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”), Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “become agitated, bubbles up”), English hope.

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈku.pi.oː/, [ˈkʊ.pi.oː]

Verb

cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī, supine cupītum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. I desire
  2. I long for

Inflection
   Conjugation of cupio (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupiō cupis cupit cupimus cupitis cupiunt
imperfect cupiēbam cupiēbās cupiēbat cupiēbāmus cupiēbātis cupiēbant
future cupiam cupiēs cupiet cupiēmus cupiētis cupient
perfect cupīvī cupīvistī, cupīsti1 cupīvit cupīvimus cupīvistis, cupīstis1 cupīvērunt, cupīvēre
pluperfect cupīveram cupīverās cupīverat cupīverāmus cupīverātis cupīverant
future perfect cupīverō cupīveris cupīverit cupīverimus cupīveritis cupīverint
passive present cupior cuperis, cupere cupitur cupimur cupiminī cupiuntur
imperfect cupiēbar cupiēbāris, cupiēbāre cupiēbātur cupiēbāmur cupiēbāminī cupiēbantur
future cupiar cupiēris, cupiēre cupiētur cupiēmur cupiēminī cupientur
perfect cupītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cupītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cupītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cupiam cupiās cupiat cupiāmus cupiātis cupiant
imperfect cuperem cuperēs cuperet cuperēmus cuperētis cuperent
perfect cupīverim cupīverīs cupīverit cupīverimus cupīveritis cupīverint
pluperfect cupīvissem, cupīssem1 cupīvissēs, cupīsses1 cupīvisset, cupīsset1 cupīvissēmus, cupīssemus1 cupīvissētis, cupīssetis1 cupīvissent, cupīssent1
passive present cupiar cupiāris, cupiāre cupiātur cupiāmur cupiāminī cupiantur
imperfect cuperer cuperēris, cuperēre cuperētur cuperēmur cuperēminī cuperentur
perfect cupītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cupītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cupe — — cupite —
future — cupitō cupitō — cupitōte cupiuntō
passive present — cupere — — cupiminī —
future — cupitor cupitor — — cupiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cupere cupīvisse, cupīsse1 cupītūrus esse cupī cupītus esse cupītum īrī
participles cupiēns — cupītūrus — cupītus cupiendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
cupere cupiendī cupiendō cupiendum cupītum cupītū

1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

References
  • cupio in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • cupio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be favourably disposed towards: alicuius causa velle or cupere
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