dabuka

Zulu

Etymology

From dabu (“of tearing, cracking”) +‎ -k +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /daɓuːɠa/

Verb

-dabuka

  1. (intransitive) to break, to crack, to crush
  2. (intransitive) to become sad, to become grieved, to become heartbroken
  3. (intransitive) to descend, to originate

Inflection
Tone L
Infinitive ukudabuka
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukudabuka ukungadabuki
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular dabuka -dabuke
Plural dabukani -dabukeni
Stative
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngidabukile, ngidabukē engidabukile, engidabukē ngidabukile, ngidabukē angidabukile, angidabukē engingadabukile, engingadabukē ngingadabukile, ngingadabukē
2nd singular udabukile, udabukē odabukile, odabukē udabukile, udabukē awudabukile, awudabukē ongadabukile, ongadabukē ungadabukile, ungadabukē
1st plural sidabukile, sidabukē esidabukile, esidabukē sidabukile, sidabukē asidabukile, asidabukē esingadabukile, esingadabukē singadabukile, singadabukē
2nd plural nidabukile, nidabukē enidabukile, enidabukē nidabukile, nidabukē anidabukile, anidabukē eningadabukile, eningadabukē ningadabukile, ningadabukē
Class 1 udabukile, udabukē odabukile, odabukē edabukile, edabukē akadabukile, akadabukē ongadabukile, ongadabukē engadabukile, engadabukē
Class 2 badabukile, badabukē abadabukile, abadabukē bedabukile, bedabukē abadabukile, abadabukē abangadabukile, abangadabukē bengadabukile, bengadabukē
Class 3 udabukile, udabukē odabukile, odabukē udabukile, udabukē awudabukile, awudabukē ongadabukile, ongadabukē ungadabukile, ungadabukē
Class 4 idabukile, idabukē edabukile, edabukē idabukile, idabukē ayidabukile, ayidabukē engadabukile, engadabukē ingadabukile, ingadabukē
Class 5 lidabukile, lidabukē elidabukile, elidabukē lidabukile, lidabukē alidabukile, alidabukē elingadabukile, elingadabukē lingadabukile, lingadabukē
Class 6 adabukile, adabukē adabukile, adabukē edabukile, edabukē awadabukile, awadabukē angadabukile, angadabukē engadabukile, engadabukē
Class 7 sidabukile, sidabukē esidabukile, esidabukē sidabukile, sidabukē asidabukile, asidabukē esingadabukile, esingadabukē singadabukile, singadabukē
Class 8 zidabukile, zidabukē ezidabukile, ezidabukē zidabukile, zidabukē azidabukile, azidabukē ezingadabukile, ezingadabukē zingadabukile, zingadabukē
Class 9 idabukile, idabukē edabukile, edabukē idabukile, idabukē ayidabukile, ayidabukē engadabukile, engadabukē ingadabukile, ingadabukē
Class 10 zidabukile, zidabukē ezidabukile, ezidabukē zidabukile, zidabukē azidabukile, azidabukē ezingadabukile, ezingadabukē zingadabukile, zingadabukē
Class 11 ludabukile, ludabukē oludabukile, oludabukē ludabukile, ludabukē aludabukile, aludabukē olungadabukile, olungadabukē lungadabukile, lungadabukē
Class 14 budabukile, budabukē obudabukile, obudabukē budabukile, budabukē abudabukile, abudabukē obungadabukile, obungadabukē bungadabukile, bungadabukē
Class 15 kudabukile, kudabukē okudabukile, okudabukē kudabukile, kudabukē akudabukile, akudabukē okungadabukile, okungadabukē kungadabukile, kungadabukē
Class 17 kudabukile, kudabukē okudabukile, okudabukē kudabukile, kudabukē akudabukile, akudabukē okungadabukile, okungadabukē kungadabukile, kungadabukē
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyadabuka, ngidabuka engidabukayo, engidabuka ngidabuka angidabuki engingadabuki ngingadabuki
2nd singular uyadabuka, udabuka odabukayo, odabuka udabuka awudabuki ongadabuki ungadabuki
1st plural siyadabuka, sidabuka esidabukayo, esidabuka sidabuka asidabuki esingadabuki singadabuki
2nd plural niyadabuka, nidabuka enidabukayo, enidabuka nidabuka anidabuki eningadabuki ningadabuki
Class 1 uyadabuka, udabuka odabukayo, odabuka edabuka akadabuki ongadabuki engadabuki
Class 2 bayadabuka, badabuka abadabukayo, abadabuka bedabuka abadabuki abangadabuki bengadabuki
Class 3 uyadabuka, udabuka odabukayo, odabuka udabuka awudabuki ongadabuki ungadabuki
Class 4 iyadabuka, idabuka edabukayo, edabuka idabuka ayidabuki engadabuki ingadabuki
Class 5 liyadabuka, lidabuka elidabukayo, elidabuka lidabuka alidabuki elingadabuki lingadabuki
Class 6 ayadabuka, adabuka adabukayo, adabuka edabuka awadabuki angadabuki engadabuki
Class 7 siyadabuka, sidabuka esidabukayo, esidabuka sidabuka asidabuki esingadabuki singadabuki
Class 8 ziyadabuka, zidabuka ezidabukayo, ezidabuka zidabuka azidabuki ezingadabuki zingadabuki
Class 9 iyadabuka, idabuka edabukayo, edabuka idabuka ayidabuki engadabuki ingadabuki
Class 10 ziyadabuka, zidabuka ezidabukayo, ezidabuka zidabuka azidabuki ezingadabuki zingadabuki
Class 11 luyadabuka, ludabuka oludabukayo, oludabuka ludabuka aludabuki olungadabuki lungadabuki
Class 14 buyadabuka, budabuka obudabukayo, obudabuka budabuka abudabuki obungadabuki bungadabuki
Class 15 kuyadabuka, kudabuka okudabukayo, okudabuka kudabuka akudabuki okungadabuki kungadabuki
Class 17 kuyadabuka, kudabuka okudabukayo, okudabuka kudabuka akudabuki okungadabuki kungadabuki
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngidabukile, ngidabukē engidabukile, engidabukē ngidabukile, ngidabukē angidabukanga engingadabukanga ngingadabukanga
2nd singular udabukile, udabukē odabukile, odabukē udabukile, udabukē awudabukanga ongadabukanga ungadabukanga
1st plural sidabukile, sidabukē esidabukile, esidabukē sidabukile, sidabukē asidabukanga esingadabukanga singadabukanga
2nd plural nidabukile, nidabukē enidabukile, enidabukē nidabukile, nidabukē anidabukanga eningadabukanga ningadabukanga
Class 1 udabukile, udabukē odabukile, odabukē edabukile, edabukē akadabukanga ongadabukanga engadabukanga
Class 2 badabukile, badabukē abadabukile, abadabukē bedabukile, bedabukē abadabukanga abangadabukanga bengadabukanga
Class 3 udabukile, udabukē odabukile, odabukē udabukile, udabukē awudabukanga ongadabukanga ungadabukanga
Class 4 idabukile, idabukē edabukile, edabukē idabukile, idabukē ayidabukanga engadabukanga ingadabukanga
Class 5 lidabukile, lidabukē elidabukile, elidabukē lidabukile, lidabukē alidabukanga elingadabukanga lingadabukanga
Class 6 adabukile, adabukē adabukile, adabukē edabukile, edabukē awadabukanga angadabukanga engadabukanga
Class 7 sidabukile, sidabukē esidabukile, esidabukē sidabukile, sidabukē asidabukanga esingadabukanga singadabukanga
Class 8 zidabukile, zidabukē ezidabukile, ezidabukē zidabukile, zidabukē azidabukanga ezingadabukanga zingadabukanga
Class 9 idabukile, idabukē edabukile, edabukē idabukile, idabukē ayidabukanga engadabukanga ingadabukanga
Class 10 zidabukile, zidabukē ezidabukile, ezidabukē zidabukile, zidabukē azidabukanga ezingadabukanga zingadabukanga
Class 11 ludabukile, ludabukē oludabukile, oludabukē ludabukile, ludabukē aludabukanga olungadabukanga lungadabukanga
Class 14 budabukile, budabukē obudabukile, obudabukē budabukile, budabukē abudabukanga obungadabukanga bungadabukanga
Class 15 kudabukile, kudabukē okudabukile, okudabukē kudabukile, kudabukē akudabukanga okungadabukanga kungadabukanga
Class 17 kudabukile, kudabukē okudabukile, okudabukē kudabukile, kudabukē akudabukanga okungadabukanga kungadabukanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngādabuka engādabuka ngādabuka angidabukanga engingadabukanga ngingadabukanga
2nd singular wādabuka owādabuka wādabuka awudabukanga ongadabukanga ungadabukanga
1st plural sādabuka esādabuka sādabuka asidabukanga esingadabukanga singadabukanga
2nd plural nādabuka enādabuka nādabuka anidabukanga eningadabukanga ningadabukanga
Class 1 wādabuka owādabuka ādabuka akadabukanga ongadabukanga engadabukanga
Class 2 bādabuka abādabuka bādabuka abadabukanga abangadabukanga bengadabukanga
Class 3 wādabuka owādabuka wādabuka awudabukanga ongadabukanga ungadabukanga
Class 4 yādabuka eyādabuka yādabuka ayidabukanga engadabukanga ingadabukanga
Class 5 lādabuka elādabuka lādabuka alidabukanga elingadabukanga lingadabukanga
Class 6 ādabuka ādabuka ādabuka awadabukanga angadabukanga engadabukanga
Class 7 sādabuka esādabuka sādabuka asidabukanga esingadabukanga singadabukanga
Class 8 zādabuka ezādabuka zādabuka azidabukanga ezingadabukanga zingadabukanga
Class 9 yādabuka eyādabuka yādabuka ayidabukanga engadabukanga ingadabukanga
Class 10 zādabuka ezādabuka zādabuka azidabukanga ezingadabukanga zingadabukanga
Class 11 lwādabuka olwādabuka lwādabuka aludabukanga olungadabukanga lungadabukanga
Class 14 bādabuka obādabuka bādabuka abudabukanga obungadabukanga bungadabukanga
Class 15 kwādabuka okwādabuka kwādabuka akudabukanga okungadabukanga kungadabukanga
Class 17 kwādabuka okwādabuka kwādabuka akudabukanga okungadabukanga kungadabukanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingadabuka — ngingadabuka ngingedabuke — ngingedabuke
2nd singular ungadabuka — ungadabuka ungedabuke — ungedabuke
1st plural singadabuka — singadabuka singedabuke — singedabuke
2nd plural ningadabuka — ningadabuka ningedabuke — ningedabuke
Class 1 angadabuka — engadabuka angedabuke — engedabuke
Class 2 bangadabuka — bengadabuka bangedabuke — bengedabuke
Class 3 ungadabuka — ungadabuka ungedabuke — ungedabuke
Class 4 ingadabuka — ingadabuka ingedabuke — ingedabuke
Class 5 lingadabuka — lingadabuka lingedabuke — lingedabuke
Class 6 angadabuka — engadabuka angedabuke — engedabuke
Class 7 singadabuka — singadabuka singedabuke — singedabuke
Class 8 zingadabuka — zingadabuka zingedabuke — zingedabuke
Class 9 ingadabuka — ingadabuka ingedabuke — ingedabuke
Class 10 zingadabuka — zingadabuka zingedabuke — zingedabuke
Class 11 lungadabuka — lungadabuka lungedabuke — lungedabuke
Class 14 bungadabuka — bungadabuka bungedabuke — bungedabuke
Class 15 kungadabuka — kungadabuka kungedabuke — kungedabuke
Class 17 kungadabuka — kungadabuka kungedabuke — kungedabuke
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizodabuka engizodabuka ngizodabuka angizudabuka engingezudabuka ngingezudabuka
2nd singular uzodabuka ozodabuka uzodabuka awuzudabuka ongezudabuka ungezudabuka
1st plural sizodabuka esizodabuka sizodabuka asizudabuka esingezudabuka singezudabuka
2nd plural nizodabuka enizodabuka nizodabuka anizudabuka eningezudabuka ningezudabuka
Class 1 uzodabuka ozodabuka ezodabuka akazudabuka ongezudabuka engezudabuka
Class 2 bazodabuka abazodabuka bezodabuka abazudabuka abangezudabuka bengezudabuka
Class 3 uzodabuka ozodabuka uzodabuka awuzudabuka ongezudabuka ungezudabuka
Class 4 izodabuka ezodabuka izodabuka ayizudabuka engezudabuka ingezudabuka
Class 5 lizodabuka elizodabuka lizodabuka alizudabuka elingezudabuka lingezudabuka
Class 6 azodabuka azodabuka ezodabuka awazudabuka angezudabuka engezudabuka
Class 7 sizodabuka esizodabuka sizodabuka asizudabuka esingezudabuka singezudabuka
Class 8 zizodabuka ezizodabuka zizodabuka azizudabuka ezingezudabuka zingezudabuka
Class 9 izodabuka ezodabuka izodabuka ayizudabuka engezudabuka ingezudabuka
Class 10 zizodabuka ezizodabuka zizodabuka azizudabuka ezingezudabuka zingezudabuka
Class 11 luzodabuka oluzodabuka luzodabuka aluzudabuka olungezudabuka lungezudabuka
Class 14 buzodabuka obuzodabuka buzodabuka abuzudabuka obungezudabuka bungezudabuka
Class 15 kuzodabuka okuzodabuka kuzodabuka akuzudabuka okungezudabuka kungezudabuka
Class 17 kuzodabuka okuzodabuka kuzodabuka akuzudabuka okungezudabuka kungezudabuka
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyodabuka engiyodabuka ngiyodabuka angiyudabuka engingeyudabuka ngingeyudabuka
2nd singular uyodabuka oyodabuka uyodabuka awuyudabuka ongeyudabuka ungeyudabuka
1st plural siyodabuka esiyodabuka siyodabuka asiyudabuka esingeyudabuka singeyudabuka
2nd plural niyodabuka eniyodabuka niyodabuka aniyudabuka eningeyudabuka ningeyudabuka
Class 1 uyodabuka oyodabuka eyodabuka akayudabuka ongeyudabuka engeyudabuka
Class 2 bayodabuka abayodabuka beyodabuka abayudabuka abangeyudabuka bengeyudabuka
Class 3 uyodabuka oyodabuka uyodabuka awuyudabuka ongeyudabuka ungeyudabuka
Class 4 iyodabuka eyodabuka iyodabuka ayiyudabuka engeyudabuka ingeyudabuka
Class 5 liyodabuka eliyodabuka liyodabuka aliyudabuka elingeyudabuka lingeyudabuka
Class 6 ayodabuka ayodabuka eyodabuka awayudabuka angeyudabuka engeyudabuka
Class 7 siyodabuka esiyodabuka siyodabuka asiyudabuka esingeyudabuka singeyudabuka
Class 8 ziyodabuka eziyodabuka ziyodabuka aziyudabuka ezingeyudabuka zingeyudabuka
Class 9 iyodabuka eyodabuka iyodabuka ayiyudabuka engeyudabuka ingeyudabuka
Class 10 ziyodabuka eziyodabuka ziyodabuka aziyudabuka ezingeyudabuka zingeyudabuka
Class 11 luyodabuka oluyodabuka luyodabuka aluyudabuka olungeyudabuka lungeyudabuka
Class 14 buyodabuka obuyodabuka buyodabuka abuyudabuka obungeyudabuka bungeyudabuka
Class 15 kuyodabuka okuyodabuka kuyodabuka akuyudabuka okungeyudabuka kungeyudabuka
Class 17 kuyodabuka okuyodabuka kuyodabuka akuyudabuka okungeyudabuka kungeyudabuka
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngidabuke ngingadabuki
2nd singular udabuke ungadabuki
1st plural sidabuke singadabuki
2nd plural nidabuke ningadabuki
Class 1 adabuke angadabuki
Class 2 badabuke bangadabuki
Class 3 udabuke ungadabuki
Class 4 idabuke ingadabuki
Class 5 lidabuke lingadabuki
Class 6 adabuke angadabuki
Class 7 sidabuke singadabuki
Class 8 zidabuke zingadabuki
Class 9 idabuke ingadabuki
Class 10 zidabuke zingadabuki
Class 11 ludabuke lungadabuki
Class 14 budabuke bungadabuki
Class 15 kudabuke kungadabuki
Class 17 kudabuke kungadabuki
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngadabuka ngangadabuka, angadabuka, angangadabuka
2nd singular wadabuka wangadabuka, awadabuka, awangadabuka
1st plural sadabuka sangadabuka, asadabuka, asangadabuka
2nd plural nadabuka nangadabuka, anadabuka, anangadabuka
Class 1 wadabuka wangadabuka, akadabuka, akangadabuka
Class 2 badabuka bangadabuka, abadabuka, abangadabuka
Class 3 wadabuka wangadabuka, awadabuka, awangadabuka
Class 4 yadabuka yangadabuka, ayadabuka, ayangadabuka
Class 5 ladabuka langadabuka, aladabuka, alangadabuka
Class 6 adabuka angadabuka, awadabuka, awangadabuka
Class 7 sadabuka sangadabuka, asadabuka, asangadabuka
Class 8 zadabuka zangadabuka, azadabuka, azangadabuka
Class 9 yadabuka yangadabuka, ayadabuka, ayangadabuka
Class 10 zadabuka zangadabuka, azadabuka, azangadabuka
Class 11 lwadabuka lwangadabuka, alwadabuka, alwangadabuka
Class 14 badabuka bangadabuka, abadabuka, abangadabuka
Class 15 kwadabuka kwangadabuka, akwadabuka, akwangadabuka
Class 17 kwadabuka kwangadabuka, akwadabuka, akwangadabuka

References
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