daka
Swahili
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukudaka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukudaka | ukungadaki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | daka | -dake | |||||||
Plural | dakani | -dakeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyadaka, ngidaka | engidakayo, engidaka | ngidaka | angidaki | engingadaki | ngingadaki | |||
2nd singular | uyadaka, udaka | odakayo, odaka | udaka | awudaki | ongadaki | ungadaki | |||
1st plural | siyadaka, sidaka | esidakayo, esidaka | sidaka | asidaki | esingadaki | singadaki | |||
2nd plural | niyadaka, nidaka | enidakayo, enidaka | nidaka | anidaki | eningadaki | ningadaki | |||
Class 1 | uyadaka, udaka | odakayo, odaka | edaka | akadaki | ongadaki | engadaki | |||
Class 2 | bayadaka, badaka | abadakayo, abadaka | bedaka | abadaki | abangadaki | bengadaki | |||
Class 3 | uyadaka, udaka | odakayo, odaka | udaka | awudaki | ongadaki | ungadaki | |||
Class 4 | iyadaka, idaka | edakayo, edaka | idaka | ayidaki | engadaki | ingadaki | |||
Class 5 | liyadaka, lidaka | elidakayo, elidaka | lidaka | alidaki | elingadaki | lingadaki | |||
Class 6 | ayadaka, adaka | adakayo, adaka | edaka | awadaki | angadaki | engadaki | |||
Class 7 | siyadaka, sidaka | esidakayo, esidaka | sidaka | asidaki | esingadaki | singadaki | |||
Class 8 | ziyadaka, zidaka | ezidakayo, ezidaka | zidaka | azidaki | ezingadaki | zingadaki | |||
Class 9 | iyadaka, idaka | edakayo, edaka | idaka | ayidaki | engadaki | ingadaki | |||
Class 10 | ziyadaka, zidaka | ezidakayo, ezidaka | zidaka | azidaki | ezingadaki | zingadaki | |||
Class 11 | luyadaka, ludaka | oludakayo, oludaka | ludaka | aludaki | olungadaki | lungadaki | |||
Class 14 | buyadaka, budaka | obudakayo, obudaka | budaka | abudaki | obungadaki | bungadaki | |||
Class 15 | kuyadaka, kudaka | okudakayo, okudaka | kudaka | akudaki | okungadaki | kungadaki | |||
Class 17 | kuyadaka, kudaka | okudakayo, okudaka | kudaka | akudaki | okungadaki | kungadaki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidakile, ngidakē | engidakile, engidakē | ngidakile, ngidakē | angidakanga | engingadakanga | ngingadakanga | |||
2nd singular | udakile, udakē | odakile, odakē | udakile, udakē | awudakanga | ongadakanga | ungadakanga | |||
1st plural | sidakile, sidakē | esidakile, esidakē | sidakile, sidakē | asidakanga | esingadakanga | singadakanga | |||
2nd plural | nidakile, nidakē | enidakile, enidakē | nidakile, nidakē | anidakanga | eningadakanga | ningadakanga | |||
Class 1 | udakile, udakē | odakile, odakē | edakile, edakē | akadakanga | ongadakanga | engadakanga | |||
Class 2 | badakile, badakē | abadakile, abadakē | bedakile, bedakē | abadakanga | abangadakanga | bengadakanga | |||
Class 3 | udakile, udakē | odakile, odakē | udakile, udakē | awudakanga | ongadakanga | ungadakanga | |||
Class 4 | idakile, idakē | edakile, edakē | idakile, idakē | ayidakanga | engadakanga | ingadakanga | |||
Class 5 | lidakile, lidakē | elidakile, elidakē | lidakile, lidakē | alidakanga | elingadakanga | lingadakanga | |||
Class 6 | adakile, adakē | adakile, adakē | edakile, edakē | awadakanga | angadakanga | engadakanga | |||
Class 7 | sidakile, sidakē | esidakile, esidakē | sidakile, sidakē | asidakanga | esingadakanga | singadakanga | |||
Class 8 | zidakile, zidakē | ezidakile, ezidakē | zidakile, zidakē | azidakanga | ezingadakanga | zingadakanga | |||
Class 9 | idakile, idakē | edakile, edakē | idakile, idakē | ayidakanga | engadakanga | ingadakanga | |||
Class 10 | zidakile, zidakē | ezidakile, ezidakē | zidakile, zidakē | azidakanga | ezingadakanga | zingadakanga | |||
Class 11 | ludakile, ludakē | oludakile, oludakē | ludakile, ludakē | aludakanga | olungadakanga | lungadakanga | |||
Class 14 | budakile, budakē | obudakile, obudakē | budakile, budakē | abudakanga | obungadakanga | bungadakanga | |||
Class 15 | kudakile, kudakē | okudakile, okudakē | kudakile, kudakē | akudakanga | okungadakanga | kungadakanga | |||
Class 17 | kudakile, kudakē | okudakile, okudakē | kudakile, kudakē | akudakanga | okungadakanga | kungadakanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngādaka | engādaka | ngādaka | angidakanga | engingadakanga | ngingadakanga | |||
2nd singular | wādaka | owādaka | wādaka | awudakanga | ongadakanga | ungadakanga | |||
1st plural | sādaka | esādaka | sādaka | asidakanga | esingadakanga | singadakanga | |||
2nd plural | nādaka | enādaka | nādaka | anidakanga | eningadakanga | ningadakanga | |||
Class 1 | wādaka | owādaka | ādaka | akadakanga | ongadakanga | engadakanga | |||
Class 2 | bādaka | abādaka | bādaka | abadakanga | abangadakanga | bengadakanga | |||
Class 3 | wādaka | owādaka | wādaka | awudakanga | ongadakanga | ungadakanga | |||
Class 4 | yādaka | eyādaka | yādaka | ayidakanga | engadakanga | ingadakanga | |||
Class 5 | lādaka | elādaka | lādaka | alidakanga | elingadakanga | lingadakanga | |||
Class 6 | ādaka | ādaka | ādaka | awadakanga | angadakanga | engadakanga | |||
Class 7 | sādaka | esādaka | sādaka | asidakanga | esingadakanga | singadakanga | |||
Class 8 | zādaka | ezādaka | zādaka | azidakanga | ezingadakanga | zingadakanga | |||
Class 9 | yādaka | eyādaka | yādaka | ayidakanga | engadakanga | ingadakanga | |||
Class 10 | zādaka | ezādaka | zādaka | azidakanga | ezingadakanga | zingadakanga | |||
Class 11 | lwādaka | olwādaka | lwādaka | aludakanga | olungadakanga | lungadakanga | |||
Class 14 | bādaka | obādaka | bādaka | abudakanga | obungadakanga | bungadakanga | |||
Class 15 | kwādaka | okwādaka | kwādaka | akudakanga | okungadakanga | kungadakanga | |||
Class 17 | kwādaka | okwādaka | kwādaka | akudakanga | okungadakanga | kungadakanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingadaka | — | ngingadaka | ngingedake | — | ngingedake | |||
2nd singular | ungadaka | — | ungadaka | ungedake | — | ungedake | |||
1st plural | singadaka | — | singadaka | singedake | — | singedake | |||
2nd plural | ningadaka | — | ningadaka | ningedake | — | ningedake | |||
Class 1 | angadaka | — | engadaka | angedake | — | engedake | |||
Class 2 | bangadaka | — | bengadaka | bangedake | — | bengedake | |||
Class 3 | ungadaka | — | ungadaka | ungedake | — | ungedake | |||
Class 4 | ingadaka | — | ingadaka | ingedake | — | ingedake | |||
Class 5 | lingadaka | — | lingadaka | lingedake | — | lingedake | |||
Class 6 | angadaka | — | engadaka | angedake | — | engedake | |||
Class 7 | singadaka | — | singadaka | singedake | — | singedake | |||
Class 8 | zingadaka | — | zingadaka | zingedake | — | zingedake | |||
Class 9 | ingadaka | — | ingadaka | ingedake | — | ingedake | |||
Class 10 | zingadaka | — | zingadaka | zingedake | — | zingedake | |||
Class 11 | lungadaka | — | lungadaka | lungedake | — | lungedake | |||
Class 14 | bungadaka | — | bungadaka | bungedake | — | bungedake | |||
Class 15 | kungadaka | — | kungadaka | kungedake | — | kungedake | |||
Class 17 | kungadaka | — | kungadaka | kungedake | — | kungedake | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizodaka | engizodaka | ngizodaka | angizudaka | — | ngingezudaka | |||
2nd singular | uzodaka | ozodaka | uzodaka | awuzudaka | — | ungezudaka | |||
1st plural | sizodaka | esizodaka | sizodaka | asizudaka | — | singezudaka | |||
2nd plural | nizodaka | enizodaka | nizodaka | anizudaka | — | ningezudaka | |||
Class 1 | uzodaka | ozodaka | ezodaka | akazudaka | — | engezudaka | |||
Class 2 | bazodaka | abazodaka | bezodaka | abazudaka | — | bengezudaka | |||
Class 3 | uzodaka | ozodaka | uzodaka | awuzudaka | — | ungezudaka | |||
Class 4 | izodaka | ezodaka | izodaka | ayizudaka | — | ingezudaka | |||
Class 5 | lizodaka | elizodaka | lizodaka | alizudaka | — | lingezudaka | |||
Class 6 | azodaka | azodaka | ezodaka | awazudaka | — | engezudaka | |||
Class 7 | sizodaka | esizodaka | sizodaka | asizudaka | — | singezudaka | |||
Class 8 | zizodaka | ezizodaka | zizodaka | azizudaka | — | zingezudaka | |||
Class 9 | izodaka | ezodaka | izodaka | ayizudaka | — | ingezudaka | |||
Class 10 | zizodaka | ezizodaka | zizodaka | azizudaka | — | zingezudaka | |||
Class 11 | luzodaka | oluzodaka | luzodaka | aluzudaka | — | lungezudaka | |||
Class 14 | buzodaka | obuzodaka | buzodaka | abuzudaka | — | bungezudaka | |||
Class 15 | kuzodaka | okuzodaka | kuzodaka | akuzudaka | — | kungezudaka | |||
Class 17 | kuzodaka | okuzodaka | kuzodaka | akuzudaka | — | kungezudaka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyodaka | engiyodaka | ngiyodaka | angiyudaka | — | ngingeyudaka | |||
2nd singular | uyodaka | oyodaka | uyodaka | awuyudaka | — | ungeyudaka | |||
1st plural | siyodaka | esiyodaka | siyodaka | asiyudaka | — | singeyudaka | |||
2nd plural | niyodaka | eniyodaka | niyodaka | aniyudaka | — | ningeyudaka | |||
Class 1 | uyodaka | oyodaka | eyodaka | akayudaka | — | engeyudaka | |||
Class 2 | bayodaka | abayodaka | beyodaka | abayudaka | — | bengeyudaka | |||
Class 3 | uyodaka | oyodaka | uyodaka | awuyudaka | — | ungeyudaka | |||
Class 4 | iyodaka | eyodaka | iyodaka | ayiyudaka | — | ingeyudaka | |||
Class 5 | liyodaka | eliyodaka | liyodaka | aliyudaka | — | lingeyudaka | |||
Class 6 | ayodaka | ayodaka | eyodaka | awayudaka | — | engeyudaka | |||
Class 7 | siyodaka | esiyodaka | siyodaka | asiyudaka | — | singeyudaka | |||
Class 8 | ziyodaka | eziyodaka | ziyodaka | aziyudaka | — | zingeyudaka | |||
Class 9 | iyodaka | eyodaka | iyodaka | ayiyudaka | — | ingeyudaka | |||
Class 10 | ziyodaka | eziyodaka | ziyodaka | aziyudaka | — | zingeyudaka | |||
Class 11 | luyodaka | oluyodaka | luyodaka | aluyudaka | — | lungeyudaka | |||
Class 14 | buyodaka | obuyodaka | buyodaka | abuyudaka | — | bungeyudaka | |||
Class 15 | kuyodaka | okuyodaka | kuyodaka | akuyudaka | — | kungeyudaka | |||
Class 17 | kuyodaka | okuyodaka | kuyodaka | akuyudaka | — | kungeyudaka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidake | ngingadaki | |||||||
2nd singular | udake | ungadaki | |||||||
1st plural | sidake | singadaki | |||||||
2nd plural | nidake | ningadaki | |||||||
Class 1 | adake | angadaki | |||||||
Class 2 | badake | bangadaki | |||||||
Class 3 | udake | ungadaki | |||||||
Class 4 | idake | ingadaki | |||||||
Class 5 | lidake | lingadaki | |||||||
Class 6 | adake | angadaki | |||||||
Class 7 | sidake | singadaki | |||||||
Class 8 | zidake | zingadaki | |||||||
Class 9 | idake | ingadaki | |||||||
Class 10 | zidake | zingadaki | |||||||
Class 11 | ludake | lungadaki | |||||||
Class 14 | budake | bungadaki | |||||||
Class 15 | kudake | kungadaki | |||||||
Class 17 | kudake | kungadaki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngadaka | ngangadaka, angadaka, angangadaka | |||||||
2nd singular | wadaka | wangadaka, awadaka, awangadaka | |||||||
1st plural | sadaka | sangadaka, asadaka, asangadaka | |||||||
2nd plural | nadaka | nangadaka, anadaka, anangadaka | |||||||
Class 1 | wadaka | wangadaka, akadaka, akangadaka | |||||||
Class 2 | badaka | bangadaka, abadaka, abangadaka | |||||||
Class 3 | wadaka | wangadaka, awadaka, awangadaka | |||||||
Class 4 | yadaka | yangadaka, ayadaka, ayangadaka | |||||||
Class 5 | ladaka | langadaka, aladaka, alangadaka | |||||||
Class 6 | adaka | angadaka, awadaka, awangadaka | |||||||
Class 7 | sadaka | sangadaka, asadaka, asangadaka | |||||||
Class 8 | zadaka | zangadaka, azadaka, azangadaka | |||||||
Class 9 | yadaka | yangadaka, ayadaka, ayangadaka | |||||||
Class 10 | zadaka | zangadaka, azadaka, azangadaka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwadaka | lwangadaka, alwadaka, alwangadaka | |||||||
Class 14 | badaka | bangadaka, abadaka, abangadaka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwadaka | kwangadaka, akwadaka, akwangadaka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwadaka | kwangadaka, akwadaka, akwangadaka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “daka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “daka (6.3)”
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