ethemba

Zulu

Alternative forms

Verb

-ethémba

  1. (intransitive) to hope, to trust
  2. (intransitive) to have faith, to be confident
  3. (transitive) to trust
  4. (transitive) to anticipate, to expect

Inflection
Tone H
Infinitive ukwethemba
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukwethemba ukungethembi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yethemba -ethembe
Plural yethembani -ethembeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyethemba, ngethemba engethembayo, engethemba ngethemba angethembi engingethembi ngingethembi
2nd singular uyethemba, wethemba owethembayo, owethemba wethemba awethembi ongethembi ungethembi
1st plural siyethemba, sethemba esethembayo, esethemba sethemba asethembi esingethembi singethembi
2nd plural niyethemba, nethemba enethembayo, enethemba nethemba anethembi eningethembi ningethembi
Class 1 uyethemba, wethemba owethembayo, owethemba ethemba akethembi ongethembi engethembi
Class 2 bayethemba, bethemba abethembayo, abethemba bethemba abethembi abangethembi bengethembi
Class 3 uyethemba, wethemba owethembayo, owethemba wethemba awethembi ongethembi ungethembi
Class 4 iyethemba, yethemba eyethembayo, eyethemba yethemba ayethembi engethembi ingethembi
Class 5 liyethemba, lethemba elethembayo, elethemba lethemba alethembi elingethembi lingethembi
Class 6 ayethemba, ethemba ethembayo, ethemba ethemba awethembi angethembi engethembi
Class 7 siyethemba, sethemba esethembayo, esethemba sethemba asethembi esingethembi singethembi
Class 8 ziyethemba, zethemba ezethembayo, ezethemba zethemba azethembi ezingethembi zingethembi
Class 9 iyethemba, yethemba eyethembayo, eyethemba yethemba ayethembi engethembi ingethembi
Class 10 ziyethemba, zethemba ezethembayo, ezethemba zethemba azethembi ezingethembi zingethembi
Class 11 luyethemba, lwethemba olwethembayo, olwethemba lwethemba alwethembi olungethembi lungethembi
Class 14 buyethemba, bethemba obethembayo, obethemba bethemba abethembi obungethembi bungethembi
Class 15 kuyethemba, kwethemba okwethembayo, okwethemba kwethemba akwethembi okungethembi kungethembi
Class 17 kuyethemba, kwethemba okwethembayo, okwethemba kwethemba akwethembi okungethembi kungethembi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngethembile, ngethembē engethembile, engethembē ngethembile, ngethembē angethembanga engingethembanga ngingethembanga
2nd singular wethembile, wethembē owethembile, owethembē wethembile, wethembē awethembanga ongethembanga ungethembanga
1st plural sethembile, sethembē esethembile, esethembē sethembile, sethembē asethembanga esingethembanga singethembanga
2nd plural nethembile, nethembē enethembile, enethembē nethembile, nethembē anethembanga eningethembanga ningethembanga
Class 1 wethembile, wethembē owethembile, owethembē ethembile, ethembē akethembanga ongethembanga engethembanga
Class 2 bethembile, bethembē abethembile, abethembē bethembile, bethembē abethembanga abangethembanga bengethembanga
Class 3 wethembile, wethembē owethembile, owethembē wethembile, wethembē awethembanga ongethembanga ungethembanga
Class 4 yethembile, yethembē eyethembile, eyethembē yethembile, yethembē ayethembanga engethembanga ingethembanga
Class 5 lethembile, lethembē elethembile, elethembē lethembile, lethembē alethembanga elingethembanga lingethembanga
Class 6 ethembile, ethembē ethembile, ethembē ethembile, ethembē awethembanga angethembanga engethembanga
Class 7 sethembile, sethembē esethembile, esethembē sethembile, sethembē asethembanga esingethembanga singethembanga
Class 8 zethembile, zethembē ezethembile, ezethembē zethembile, zethembē azethembanga ezingethembanga zingethembanga
Class 9 yethembile, yethembē eyethembile, eyethembē yethembile, yethembē ayethembanga engethembanga ingethembanga
Class 10 zethembile, zethembē ezethembile, ezethembē zethembile, zethembē azethembanga ezingethembanga zingethembanga
Class 11 lwethembile, lwethembē olwethembile, olwethembē lwethembile, lwethembē alwethembanga olungethembanga lungethembanga
Class 14 bethembile, bethembē obethembile, obethembē bethembile, bethembē abethembanga obungethembanga bungethembanga
Class 15 kwethembile, kwethembē okwethembile, okwethembē kwethembile, kwethembē akwethembanga okungethembanga kungethembanga
Class 17 kwethembile, kwethembē okwethembile, okwethembē kwethembile, kwethembē akwethembanga okungethembanga kungethembanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngēthemba engēthemba ngēthemba angethembanga engingethembanga ngingethembanga
2nd singular wēthemba owēthemba wēthemba awethembanga ongethembanga ungethembanga
1st plural sēthemba esēthemba sēthemba asethembanga esingethembanga singethembanga
2nd plural nēthemba enēthemba nēthemba anethembanga eningethembanga ningethembanga
Class 1 wēthemba owēthemba ēthemba akethembanga ongethembanga engethembanga
Class 2 bēthemba abēthemba bēthemba abethembanga abangethembanga bengethembanga
Class 3 wēthemba owēthemba wēthemba awethembanga ongethembanga ungethembanga
Class 4 yēthemba eyēthemba yēthemba ayethembanga engethembanga ingethembanga
Class 5 lēthemba elēthemba lēthemba alethembanga elingethembanga lingethembanga
Class 6 ēthemba ēthemba ēthemba awethembanga angethembanga engethembanga
Class 7 sēthemba esēthemba sēthemba asethembanga esingethembanga singethembanga
Class 8 zēthemba ezēthemba zēthemba azethembanga ezingethembanga zingethembanga
Class 9 yēthemba eyēthemba yēthemba ayethembanga engethembanga ingethembanga
Class 10 zēthemba ezēthemba zēthemba azethembanga ezingethembanga zingethembanga
Class 11 lwēthemba olwēthemba lwēthemba alwethembanga olungethembanga lungethembanga
Class 14 bēthemba obēthemba bēthemba abethembanga obungethembanga bungethembanga
Class 15 kwēthemba okwēthemba kwēthemba akwethembanga okungethembanga kungethembanga
Class 17 kwēthemba okwēthemba kwēthemba akwethembanga okungethembanga kungethembanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingethemba — ngingethemba ngingethembe — ngingethembe
2nd singular ungethemba — ungethemba ungethembe — ungethembe
1st plural singethemba — singethemba singethembe — singethembe
2nd plural ningethemba — ningethemba ningethembe — ningethembe
Class 1 angethemba — engethemba angethembe — engethembe
Class 2 bangethemba — bengethemba bangethembe — bengethembe
Class 3 ungethemba — ungethemba ungethembe — ungethembe
Class 4 ingethemba — ingethemba ingethembe — ingethembe
Class 5 lingethemba — lingethemba lingethembe — lingethembe
Class 6 angethemba — engethemba angethembe — engethembe
Class 7 singethemba — singethemba singethembe — singethembe
Class 8 zingethemba — zingethemba zingethembe — zingethembe
Class 9 ingethemba — ingethemba ingethembe — ingethembe
Class 10 zingethemba — zingethemba zingethembe — zingethembe
Class 11 lungethemba — lungethemba lungethembe — lungethembe
Class 14 bungethemba — bungethemba bungethembe — bungethembe
Class 15 kungethemba — kungethemba kungethembe — kungethembe
Class 17 kungethemba — kungethemba kungethembe — kungethembe
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokwethemba engizokwethemba ngizokwethemba angizukwethemba engingezukwethemba ngingezukwethemba
2nd singular uzokwethemba ozokwethemba uzokwethemba awuzukwethemba ongezukwethemba ungezukwethemba
1st plural sizokwethemba esizokwethemba sizokwethemba asizukwethemba esingezukwethemba singezukwethemba
2nd plural nizokwethemba enizokwethemba nizokwethemba anizukwethemba eningezukwethemba ningezukwethemba
Class 1 uzokwethemba ozokwethemba ezokwethemba akazukwethemba ongezukwethemba engezukwethemba
Class 2 bazokwethemba abazokwethemba bezokwethemba abazukwethemba abangezukwethemba bengezukwethemba
Class 3 uzokwethemba ozokwethemba uzokwethemba awuzukwethemba ongezukwethemba ungezukwethemba
Class 4 izokwethemba ezokwethemba izokwethemba ayizukwethemba engezukwethemba ingezukwethemba
Class 5 lizokwethemba elizokwethemba lizokwethemba alizukwethemba elingezukwethemba lingezukwethemba
Class 6 azokwethemba azokwethemba ezokwethemba awazukwethemba angezukwethemba engezukwethemba
Class 7 sizokwethemba esizokwethemba sizokwethemba asizukwethemba esingezukwethemba singezukwethemba
Class 8 zizokwethemba ezizokwethemba zizokwethemba azizukwethemba ezingezukwethemba zingezukwethemba
Class 9 izokwethemba ezokwethemba izokwethemba ayizukwethemba engezukwethemba ingezukwethemba
Class 10 zizokwethemba ezizokwethemba zizokwethemba azizukwethemba ezingezukwethemba zingezukwethemba
Class 11 luzokwethemba oluzokwethemba luzokwethemba aluzukwethemba olungezukwethemba lungezukwethemba
Class 14 buzokwethemba obuzokwethemba buzokwethemba abuzukwethemba obungezukwethemba bungezukwethemba
Class 15 kuzokwethemba okuzokwethemba kuzokwethemba akuzukwethemba okungezukwethemba kungezukwethemba
Class 17 kuzokwethemba okuzokwethemba kuzokwethemba akuzukwethemba okungezukwethemba kungezukwethemba
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokwethemba engiyokwethemba ngiyokwethemba angiyukwethemba engingeyukwethemba ngingeyukwethemba
2nd singular uyokwethemba oyokwethemba uyokwethemba awuyukwethemba ongeyukwethemba ungeyukwethemba
1st plural siyokwethemba esiyokwethemba siyokwethemba asiyukwethemba esingeyukwethemba singeyukwethemba
2nd plural niyokwethemba eniyokwethemba niyokwethemba aniyukwethemba eningeyukwethemba ningeyukwethemba
Class 1 uyokwethemba oyokwethemba eyokwethemba akayukwethemba ongeyukwethemba engeyukwethemba
Class 2 bayokwethemba abayokwethemba beyokwethemba abayukwethemba abangeyukwethemba bengeyukwethemba
Class 3 uyokwethemba oyokwethemba uyokwethemba awuyukwethemba ongeyukwethemba ungeyukwethemba
Class 4 iyokwethemba eyokwethemba iyokwethemba ayiyukwethemba engeyukwethemba ingeyukwethemba
Class 5 liyokwethemba eliyokwethemba liyokwethemba aliyukwethemba elingeyukwethemba lingeyukwethemba
Class 6 ayokwethemba ayokwethemba eyokwethemba awayukwethemba angeyukwethemba engeyukwethemba
Class 7 siyokwethemba esiyokwethemba siyokwethemba asiyukwethemba esingeyukwethemba singeyukwethemba
Class 8 ziyokwethemba eziyokwethemba ziyokwethemba aziyukwethemba ezingeyukwethemba zingeyukwethemba
Class 9 iyokwethemba eyokwethemba iyokwethemba ayiyukwethemba engeyukwethemba ingeyukwethemba
Class 10 ziyokwethemba eziyokwethemba ziyokwethemba aziyukwethemba ezingeyukwethemba zingeyukwethemba
Class 11 luyokwethemba oluyokwethemba luyokwethemba aluyukwethemba olungeyukwethemba lungeyukwethemba
Class 14 buyokwethemba obuyokwethemba buyokwethemba abuyukwethemba obungeyukwethemba bungeyukwethemba
Class 15 kuyokwethemba okuyokwethemba kuyokwethemba akuyukwethemba okungeyukwethemba kungeyukwethemba
Class 17 kuyokwethemba okuyokwethemba kuyokwethemba akuyukwethemba okungeyukwethemba kungeyukwethemba
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngethembe ngingethembi
2nd singular wethembe ungethembi
1st plural sethembe singethembi
2nd plural nethembe ningethembi
Class 1 ethembe angethembi
Class 2 bethembe bangethembi
Class 3 wethembe ungethembi
Class 4 yethembe ingethembi
Class 5 lethembe lingethembi
Class 6 ethembe angethembi
Class 7 sethembe singethembi
Class 8 zethembe zingethembi
Class 9 yethembe ingethembi
Class 10 zethembe zingethembi
Class 11 lwethembe lungethembi
Class 14 bethembe bungethembi
Class 15 kwethembe kungethembi
Class 17 kwethembe kungethembi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngethemba ngangethemba, angethemba, angangethemba
2nd singular wethemba wangethemba, awethemba, awangethemba
1st plural sethemba sangethemba, asethemba, asangethemba
2nd plural nethemba nangethemba, anethemba, anangethemba
Class 1 wethemba wangethemba, akethemba, akangethemba
Class 2 bethemba bangethemba, abethemba, abangethemba
Class 3 wethemba wangethemba, awethemba, awangethemba
Class 4 yethemba yangethemba, ayethemba, ayangethemba
Class 5 lethemba langethemba, alethemba, alangethemba
Class 6 ethemba angethemba, awethemba, awangethemba
Class 7 sethemba sangethemba, asethemba, asangethemba
Class 8 zethemba zangethemba, azethemba, azangethemba
Class 9 yethemba yangethemba, ayethemba, ayangethemba
Class 10 zethemba zangethemba, azethemba, azangethemba
Class 11 lwethemba lwangethemba, alwethemba, alwangethemba
Class 14 bethemba bangethemba, abethemba, abangethemba
Class 15 kwethemba kwangethemba, akwethemba, akwangethemba
Class 17 kwethemba kwangethemba, akwethemba, akwangethemba

References
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