féin
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish féin, from Proto-Celtic *swe- (from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”)) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /heːnʲ/, /fʲeːnʲ/
Pronoun
féin
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| féin | fhéin | bhféin |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- “féin” at the Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926 of the Royal Irish Academy.
- “féin” in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1st ed., 1904, by Patrick S. Dinneen, page 308.
- "féin" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
References
- Peter Schrijver (1997) Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles (Maynooth Studies in Celtic Linguistics; II), Maynooth: The Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, § III.2, pages 75–76
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *swe- (from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”)) + *sin (anaphoric pronoun).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʲeːnʲ/
Inflection
| féin | fadéin | céin | cadéin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg. | féin | fadéin | céin | cadéin |
| 2 sg. | féin | fadéin | — | — |
| 3 sg. m./n. | fes(s)in, feis(s)in féin |
fades(s)in, fadeis(s)in fadéne |
ces(s)in, ceis(s)in | cades(s)in, cadeis(s)in |
| 3 sg. f. | fes(s)in, feis(s)in, fissin fes(s)ine, feisine, feis(s)ne |
fadisin fade(is)sne |
— | — |
| 1 pl. | fes(s)ine | fanis(s)in | — | canisin |
| 2 pl. | fes(s)in, feis(s)in feis(s)ne |
fanis(s)in | — | — |
| 3 pl. | fes(s)in, feis(s)in fes(s)ine, feisine, feis(s)ne |
fades(s)in, fadeis(s)in, fedesin fades(s)ine, fadeisine, fadeis(s)ne |
ceisne | cades(s)in, cadeis(s)in cades(s)ine, cadeisine, cadesne |
Usage notes
The difference between the féin/céin set and the fadéin/cadéin set appears to be that the latter are contrastively reflexive (‘oneself as opposed to someone else’) while the former do not suggest any contrast. The difference between the f- forms and the c- forms may be that the latter have a connotation of ‘even/also oneself’ that the former do not have.[2]
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| féin | ḟéin | féin pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “fadéin, féin”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN
- Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003)D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 485, pages 306–7
- Holger Pedersen (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 153
References
- Peter Schrijver (1997) Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles (Maynooth Studies in Celtic Linguistics; II), Maynooth: The Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, § III.2, pages 75–76
- Peter Schrijver (1997) Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles (Maynooth Studies in Celtic Linguistics; II), Maynooth: The Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, §§ III.2, III.4, pages 72, 78–83
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