fihla
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-fíhlá, from Proto-Bantu *-píca.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-fíhlá, from Proto-Bantu *-píca.
Inflection
Tone HH | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufihla | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufihla | ukungafihli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | fihla | -fihle | |||||||
Plural | fihlani | -fihleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafihla, ngifihla | engifihlayo, engifihla | ngifihla | angifihli | engingafihli | ngingafihli | |||
2nd singular | uyafihla, ufihla | ofihlayo, ofihla | ufihla | awufihli | ongafihli | ungafihli | |||
1st plural | siyafihla, sifihla | esifihlayo, esifihla | sifihla | asifihli | esingafihli | singafihli | |||
2nd plural | niyafihla, nifihla | enifihlayo, enifihla | nifihla | anifihli | eningafihli | ningafihli | |||
Class 1 | uyafihla, ufihla | ofihlayo, ofihla | efihla | akafihli | ongafihli | engafihli | |||
Class 2 | bayafihla, bafihla | abafihlayo, abafihla | befihla | abafihli | abangafihli | bengafihli | |||
Class 3 | uyafihla, ufihla | ofihlayo, ofihla | ufihla | awufihli | ongafihli | ungafihli | |||
Class 4 | iyafihla, ifihla | efihlayo, efihla | ifihla | ayifihli | engafihli | ingafihli | |||
Class 5 | liyafihla, lifihla | elifihlayo, elifihla | lifihla | alifihli | elingafihli | lingafihli | |||
Class 6 | ayafihla, afihla | afihlayo, afihla | efihla | awafihli | angafihli | engafihli | |||
Class 7 | siyafihla, sifihla | esifihlayo, esifihla | sifihla | asifihli | esingafihli | singafihli | |||
Class 8 | ziyafihla, zifihla | ezifihlayo, ezifihla | zifihla | azifihli | ezingafihli | zingafihli | |||
Class 9 | iyafihla, ifihla | efihlayo, efihla | ifihla | ayifihli | engafihli | ingafihli | |||
Class 10 | ziyafihla, zifihla | ezifihlayo, ezifihla | zifihla | azifihli | ezingafihli | zingafihli | |||
Class 11 | luyafihla, lufihla | olufihlayo, olufihla | lufihla | alufihli | olungafihli | lungafihli | |||
Class 14 | buyafihla, bufihla | obufihlayo, obufihla | bufihla | abufihli | obungafihli | bungafihli | |||
Class 15 | kuyafihla, kufihla | okufihlayo, okufihla | kufihla | akufihli | okungafihli | kungafihli | |||
Class 17 | kuyafihla, kufihla | okufihlayo, okufihla | kufihla | akufihli | okungafihli | kungafihli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifihlile, ngifihlē | engifihlile, engifihlē | ngifihlile, ngifihlē | angifihlanga | engingafihlanga | ngingafihlanga | |||
2nd singular | ufihlile, ufihlē | ofihlile, ofihlē | ufihlile, ufihlē | awufihlanga | ongafihlanga | ungafihlanga | |||
1st plural | sifihlile, sifihlē | esifihlile, esifihlē | sifihlile, sifihlē | asifihlanga | esingafihlanga | singafihlanga | |||
2nd plural | nifihlile, nifihlē | enifihlile, enifihlē | nifihlile, nifihlē | anifihlanga | eningafihlanga | ningafihlanga | |||
Class 1 | ufihlile, ufihlē | ofihlile, ofihlē | efihlile, efihlē | akafihlanga | ongafihlanga | engafihlanga | |||
Class 2 | bafihlile, bafihlē | abafihlile, abafihlē | befihlile, befihlē | abafihlanga | abangafihlanga | bengafihlanga | |||
Class 3 | ufihlile, ufihlē | ofihlile, ofihlē | ufihlile, ufihlē | awufihlanga | ongafihlanga | ungafihlanga | |||
Class 4 | ifihlile, ifihlē | efihlile, efihlē | ifihlile, ifihlē | ayifihlanga | engafihlanga | ingafihlanga | |||
Class 5 | lifihlile, lifihlē | elifihlile, elifihlē | lifihlile, lifihlē | alifihlanga | elingafihlanga | lingafihlanga | |||
Class 6 | afihlile, afihlē | afihlile, afihlē | efihlile, efihlē | awafihlanga | angafihlanga | engafihlanga | |||
Class 7 | sifihlile, sifihlē | esifihlile, esifihlē | sifihlile, sifihlē | asifihlanga | esingafihlanga | singafihlanga | |||
Class 8 | zifihlile, zifihlē | ezifihlile, ezifihlē | zifihlile, zifihlē | azifihlanga | ezingafihlanga | zingafihlanga | |||
Class 9 | ifihlile, ifihlē | efihlile, efihlē | ifihlile, ifihlē | ayifihlanga | engafihlanga | ingafihlanga | |||
Class 10 | zifihlile, zifihlē | ezifihlile, ezifihlē | zifihlile, zifihlē | azifihlanga | ezingafihlanga | zingafihlanga | |||
Class 11 | lufihlile, lufihlē | olufihlile, olufihlē | lufihlile, lufihlē | alufihlanga | olungafihlanga | lungafihlanga | |||
Class 14 | bufihlile, bufihlē | obufihlile, obufihlē | bufihlile, bufihlē | abufihlanga | obungafihlanga | bungafihlanga | |||
Class 15 | kufihlile, kufihlē | okufihlile, okufihlē | kufihlile, kufihlē | akufihlanga | okungafihlanga | kungafihlanga | |||
Class 17 | kufihlile, kufihlē | okufihlile, okufihlē | kufihlile, kufihlē | akufihlanga | okungafihlanga | kungafihlanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfihla | engāfihla | ngāfihla | angifihlanga | engingafihlanga | ngingafihlanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfihla | owāfihla | wāfihla | awufihlanga | ongafihlanga | ungafihlanga | |||
1st plural | sāfihla | esāfihla | sāfihla | asifihlanga | esingafihlanga | singafihlanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfihla | enāfihla | nāfihla | anifihlanga | eningafihlanga | ningafihlanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfihla | owāfihla | āfihla | akafihlanga | ongafihlanga | engafihlanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfihla | abāfihla | bāfihla | abafihlanga | abangafihlanga | bengafihlanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfihla | owāfihla | wāfihla | awufihlanga | ongafihlanga | ungafihlanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfihla | eyāfihla | yāfihla | ayifihlanga | engafihlanga | ingafihlanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfihla | elāfihla | lāfihla | alifihlanga | elingafihlanga | lingafihlanga | |||
Class 6 | āfihla | āfihla | āfihla | awafihlanga | angafihlanga | engafihlanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfihla | esāfihla | sāfihla | asifihlanga | esingafihlanga | singafihlanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfihla | ezāfihla | zāfihla | azifihlanga | ezingafihlanga | zingafihlanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfihla | eyāfihla | yāfihla | ayifihlanga | engafihlanga | ingafihlanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfihla | ezāfihla | zāfihla | azifihlanga | ezingafihlanga | zingafihlanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfihla | olwāfihla | lwāfihla | alufihlanga | olungafihlanga | lungafihlanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfihla | obāfihla | bāfihla | abufihlanga | obungafihlanga | bungafihlanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfihla | okwāfihla | kwāfihla | akufihlanga | okungafihlanga | kungafihlanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfihla | okwāfihla | kwāfihla | akufihlanga | okungafihlanga | kungafihlanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafihla | — | ngingafihla | ngingefihle | — | ngingefihle | |||
2nd singular | ungafihla | — | ungafihla | ungefihle | — | ungefihle | |||
1st plural | singafihla | — | singafihla | singefihle | — | singefihle | |||
2nd plural | ningafihla | — | ningafihla | ningefihle | — | ningefihle | |||
Class 1 | angafihla | — | engafihla | angefihle | — | engefihle | |||
Class 2 | bangafihla | — | bengafihla | bangefihle | — | bengefihle | |||
Class 3 | ungafihla | — | ungafihla | ungefihle | — | ungefihle | |||
Class 4 | ingafihla | — | ingafihla | ingefihle | — | ingefihle | |||
Class 5 | lingafihla | — | lingafihla | lingefihle | — | lingefihle | |||
Class 6 | angafihla | — | engafihla | angefihle | — | engefihle | |||
Class 7 | singafihla | — | singafihla | singefihle | — | singefihle | |||
Class 8 | zingafihla | — | zingafihla | zingefihle | — | zingefihle | |||
Class 9 | ingafihla | — | ingafihla | ingefihle | — | ingefihle | |||
Class 10 | zingafihla | — | zingafihla | zingefihle | — | zingefihle | |||
Class 11 | lungafihla | — | lungafihla | lungefihle | — | lungefihle | |||
Class 14 | bungafihla | — | bungafihla | bungefihle | — | bungefihle | |||
Class 15 | kungafihla | — | kungafihla | kungefihle | — | kungefihle | |||
Class 17 | kungafihla | — | kungafihla | kungefihle | — | kungefihle | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofihla | engizofihla | ngizofihla | angizufihla | engingezufihla | ngingezufihla | |||
2nd singular | uzofihla | ozofihla | uzofihla | awuzufihla | ongezufihla | ungezufihla | |||
1st plural | sizofihla | esizofihla | sizofihla | asizufihla | esingezufihla | singezufihla | |||
2nd plural | nizofihla | enizofihla | nizofihla | anizufihla | eningezufihla | ningezufihla | |||
Class 1 | uzofihla | ozofihla | ezofihla | akazufihla | ongezufihla | engezufihla | |||
Class 2 | bazofihla | abazofihla | bezofihla | abazufihla | abangezufihla | bengezufihla | |||
Class 3 | uzofihla | ozofihla | uzofihla | awuzufihla | ongezufihla | ungezufihla | |||
Class 4 | izofihla | ezofihla | izofihla | ayizufihla | engezufihla | ingezufihla | |||
Class 5 | lizofihla | elizofihla | lizofihla | alizufihla | elingezufihla | lingezufihla | |||
Class 6 | azofihla | azofihla | ezofihla | awazufihla | angezufihla | engezufihla | |||
Class 7 | sizofihla | esizofihla | sizofihla | asizufihla | esingezufihla | singezufihla | |||
Class 8 | zizofihla | ezizofihla | zizofihla | azizufihla | ezingezufihla | zingezufihla | |||
Class 9 | izofihla | ezofihla | izofihla | ayizufihla | engezufihla | ingezufihla | |||
Class 10 | zizofihla | ezizofihla | zizofihla | azizufihla | ezingezufihla | zingezufihla | |||
Class 11 | luzofihla | oluzofihla | luzofihla | aluzufihla | olungezufihla | lungezufihla | |||
Class 14 | buzofihla | obuzofihla | buzofihla | abuzufihla | obungezufihla | bungezufihla | |||
Class 15 | kuzofihla | okuzofihla | kuzofihla | akuzufihla | okungezufihla | kungezufihla | |||
Class 17 | kuzofihla | okuzofihla | kuzofihla | akuzufihla | okungezufihla | kungezufihla | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofihla | engiyofihla | ngiyofihla | angiyufihla | engingeyufihla | ngingeyufihla | |||
2nd singular | uyofihla | oyofihla | uyofihla | awuyufihla | ongeyufihla | ungeyufihla | |||
1st plural | siyofihla | esiyofihla | siyofihla | asiyufihla | esingeyufihla | singeyufihla | |||
2nd plural | niyofihla | eniyofihla | niyofihla | aniyufihla | eningeyufihla | ningeyufihla | |||
Class 1 | uyofihla | oyofihla | eyofihla | akayufihla | ongeyufihla | engeyufihla | |||
Class 2 | bayofihla | abayofihla | beyofihla | abayufihla | abangeyufihla | bengeyufihla | |||
Class 3 | uyofihla | oyofihla | uyofihla | awuyufihla | ongeyufihla | ungeyufihla | |||
Class 4 | iyofihla | eyofihla | iyofihla | ayiyufihla | engeyufihla | ingeyufihla | |||
Class 5 | liyofihla | eliyofihla | liyofihla | aliyufihla | elingeyufihla | lingeyufihla | |||
Class 6 | ayofihla | ayofihla | eyofihla | awayufihla | angeyufihla | engeyufihla | |||
Class 7 | siyofihla | esiyofihla | siyofihla | asiyufihla | esingeyufihla | singeyufihla | |||
Class 8 | ziyofihla | eziyofihla | ziyofihla | aziyufihla | ezingeyufihla | zingeyufihla | |||
Class 9 | iyofihla | eyofihla | iyofihla | ayiyufihla | engeyufihla | ingeyufihla | |||
Class 10 | ziyofihla | eziyofihla | ziyofihla | aziyufihla | ezingeyufihla | zingeyufihla | |||
Class 11 | luyofihla | oluyofihla | luyofihla | aluyufihla | olungeyufihla | lungeyufihla | |||
Class 14 | buyofihla | obuyofihla | buyofihla | abuyufihla | obungeyufihla | bungeyufihla | |||
Class 15 | kuyofihla | okuyofihla | kuyofihla | akuyufihla | okungeyufihla | kungeyufihla | |||
Class 17 | kuyofihla | okuyofihla | kuyofihla | akuyufihla | okungeyufihla | kungeyufihla | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifihle | ngingafihli | |||||||
2nd singular | ufihle | ungafihli | |||||||
1st plural | sifihle | singafihli | |||||||
2nd plural | nifihle | ningafihli | |||||||
Class 1 | afihle | angafihli | |||||||
Class 2 | bafihle | bangafihli | |||||||
Class 3 | ufihle | ungafihli | |||||||
Class 4 | ifihle | ingafihli | |||||||
Class 5 | lifihle | lingafihli | |||||||
Class 6 | afihle | angafihli | |||||||
Class 7 | sifihle | singafihli | |||||||
Class 8 | zifihle | zingafihli | |||||||
Class 9 | ifihle | ingafihli | |||||||
Class 10 | zifihle | zingafihli | |||||||
Class 11 | lufihle | lungafihli | |||||||
Class 14 | bufihle | bungafihli | |||||||
Class 15 | kufihle | kungafihli | |||||||
Class 17 | kufihle | kungafihli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafihla | ngangafihla, angafihla, angangafihla | |||||||
2nd singular | wafihla | wangafihla, awafihla, awangafihla | |||||||
1st plural | safihla | sangafihla, asafihla, asangafihla | |||||||
2nd plural | nafihla | nangafihla, anafihla, anangafihla | |||||||
Class 1 | wafihla | wangafihla, akafihla, akangafihla | |||||||
Class 2 | bafihla | bangafihla, abafihla, abangafihla | |||||||
Class 3 | wafihla | wangafihla, awafihla, awangafihla | |||||||
Class 4 | yafihla | yangafihla, ayafihla, ayangafihla | |||||||
Class 5 | lafihla | langafihla, alafihla, alangafihla | |||||||
Class 6 | afihla | angafihla, awafihla, awangafihla | |||||||
Class 7 | safihla | sangafihla, asafihla, asangafihla | |||||||
Class 8 | zafihla | zangafihla, azafihla, azangafihla | |||||||
Class 9 | yafihla | yangafihla, ayafihla, ayangafihla | |||||||
Class 10 | zafihla | zangafihla, azafihla, azangafihla | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafihla | lwangafihla, alwafihla, alwangafihla | |||||||
Class 14 | bafihla | bangafihla, abafihla, abangafihla | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafihla | kwangafihla, akwafihla, akwangafihla | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafihla | kwangafihla, akwafihla, akwangafihla |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “fihla”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “fihla (6.3)”
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