fungana

Swahili

Verb

-fungana (infinitive kufungana)

Reciprocal form of -funga

Conjugation

Conjugation of -fungana

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kufungana

kutofungana

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

fungana

funganeni

Habitual

hufungana

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilifungana nalifungana	tulifungana twalifungana	ulifungana walifungana	mlifungana mwalifungana	alifungana	walifungana	ulifungana	ilifungana	lilifungana	yalifungana	kilifungana	vilifungana	ilifungana	zilifungana	ulifungana	kulifungana	palifungana	mulifungana
Relative	niliofungana naliofungana	tuliofungana twaliofungana	uliofungana waliofungana	mliofungana mwaliofungana	aliofungana	waliofungana	uliofungana	iliofungana	liliofungana	yaliofungana	kiliofungana	viliofungana	iliofungana	ziliofungana	uliofungana	kuliofungana	paliofungana	muliofungana
Negative	sikufungana	hatukufungana	hukufungana	hamkufungana	hakufungana	hawakufungana	haukufungana	haikufungana	halikufungana	hayakufungana	hakikufungana	havikufungana	haikufungana	hazikufungana	haukufungana	hakukufungana	hapakufungana	hamukufungana

Present
Positive	ninafungana nafungana	tunafungana	unafungana	mnafungana	anafungana	wanafungana	unafungana	inafungana	linafungana	yanafungana	kinafungana	vinafungana	inafungana	zinafungana	unafungana	kunafungana	panafungana	munafungana
Relative	ninaofungana naofungana	tunaofungana	unaofungana	mnaofungana	anaofungana	wanaofungana	unaofungana	inaofungana	linaofungana	yanaofungana	kinaofungana	vinaofungana	inaofungana	zinaofungana	unaofungana	kunaofungana	panaofungana	munaofungana
Negative	sifungani	hatufungani	hufungani	hamfungani	hafungani	hawafungani	haufungani	haifungani	halifungani	hayafungani	hakifungani	havifungani	haifungani	hazifungani	haufungani	hakufungani	hapafungani	hamufungani

Future
Positive	nitafungana	tutafungana	utafungana	mtafungana	atafungana	watafungana	utafungana	itafungana	litafungana	yatafungana	kitafungana	vitafungana	itafungana	zitafungana	utafungana	kutafungana	patafungana	mutafungana
Relative	nitakaofungana	tutakaofungana	utakaofungana	mtakaofungana	atakaofungana	watakaofungana	utakaofungana	itakaofungana	litakaofungana	yatakaofungana	kitakaofungana	vitakaofungana	itakaofungana	zitakaofungana	utakaofungana	kutakaofungana	patakaofungana	mutakaofungana
Negative	sitafungana	hatutafungana	hutafungana	hamtafungana	hatafungana	hawatafungana	hautafungana	haitafungana	halitafungana	hayatafungana	hakitafungana	havitafungana	haitafungana	hazitafungana	hautafungana	hakutafungana	hapatafungana	hamutafungana

Subjunctive
Positive	nifungane	tufungane	ufungane	mfungane	afungane	wafungane	ufungane	ifungane	lifungane	yafungane	kifungane	vifungane	ifungane	zifungane	ufungane	kufungane	pafungane	mufungane
Negative	nisifungane	tusifungane	usifungane	msifungane	asifungane	wasifungane	usifungane	isifungane	lisifungane	yasifungane	kisifungane	visifungane	isifungane	zisifungane	usifungane	kusifungane	pasifungane	musifungane

Present Conditional
Positive	ningefungana	tungefungana	ungefungana	mngefungana	angefungana	wangefungana	ungefungana	ingefungana	lingefungana	yangefungana	kingefungana	vingefungana	ingefungana	zingefungana	ungefungana	kungefungana	pangefungana	mungefungana
Negative	nisingefungana singefungana	tusingefungana hatungefungana	usingefungana hungefungana	msingefungana hamngefungana	asingefungana hangefungana	wasingefungana hawangefungana	usingefungana haungefungana	isingefungana haingefungana	lisingefungana halingefungana	yasingefungana hayangefungana	kisingefungana hakingefungana	visingefungana havingefungana	isingefungana haingefungana	zisingefungana hazingefungana	usingefungana haungefungana	kusingefungana hakungefungana	pasingefungana hapangefungana	musingefungana hamungefungana

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalifungana	tungalifungana	ungalifungana	mngalifungana	angalifungana	wangalifungana	ungalifungana	ingalifungana	lingalifungana	yangalifungana	kingalifungana	vingalifungana	ingalifungana	zingalifungana	ungalifungana	kungalifungana	pangalifungana	mungalifungana
Negative	nisingalifungana singalifungana	tusingalifungana hatungalifungana	usingalifungana hungalifungana	msingalifungana hamngalifungana	asingalifungana hangalifungana	wasingalifungana hawangalifungana	usingalifungana haungalifungana	isingalifungana haingalifungana	lisingalifungana halingalifungana	yasingalifungana hayangalifungana	kisingalifungana hakingalifungana	visingalifungana havingalifungana	isingalifungana haingalifungana	zisingalifungana hazingalifungana	usingalifungana haungalifungana	kusingalifungana hakungalifungana	pasingalifungana hapangalifungana	musingalifungana hamungalifungana

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelifungana	tungelifungana	ungelifungana	mngelifungana	angelifungana	wangelifungana	ungelifungana	ingelifungana	lingelifungana	yangelifungana	kingelifungana	vingelifungana	ingelifungana	zingelifungana	ungelifungana	kungelifungana	pangelifungana	mungelifungana

General Relative
Positive	nifunganao	tufunganao	ufunganao	mfunganao	afunganao	wafunganao	ufunganao	ifunganao	lifunganao	yafunganao	kifunganao	vifunganao	ifunganao	zifunganao	ufunganao	kufunganao	pafunganao	mufunganao
Negative	nisiofungana	tusiofungana	usiofungana	msiofungana	asiofungana	wasiofungana	usiofungana	isiofungana	lisiofungana	yasiofungana	kisiofungana	visiofungana	isiofungana	zisiofungana	usiofungana	kusiofungana	pasiofungana	musiofungana

Gnomic
Positive	nafungana	twafungana	wafungana	mwafungana	afungana	wafungana	wafungana	yafungana	lafungana	yafungana	chafungana	vyafungana	yafungana	zafungana	wafungana	kwafungana	pafungana	mwafungana

Perfect
Positive	nimefungana	tumefungana	umefungana	mmefungana	amefungana	wamefungana	umefungana	imefungana	limefungana	yamefungana	kimefungana	vimefungana	imefungana	zimefungana	umefungana	kumefungana	pamefungana	mumefungana

"Already"
Positive	nimeshafungana	tumeshafungana	umeshafungana	mmeshafungana	ameshafungana	wameshafungana	umeshafungana	imeshafungana	limeshafungana	yameshafungana	kimeshafungana	vimeshafungana	imeshafungana	zimeshafungana	umeshafungana	kumeshafungana	pameshafungana	mumeshafungana

"Not yet"
Negative	sijafungana	hatujafungana	hujafungana	hamjafungana	hajafungana	hawajafungana	haujafungana	haijafungana	halijafungana	hayajafungana	hakijafungana	havijafungana	haijafungana	hazijafungana	haujafungana	hakujafungana	hapajafungana	hamujafungana

"If/When"
Positive	nikifungana	tukifungana	ukifungana	mkifungana	akifungana	wakifungana	ukifungana	ikifungana	likifungana	yakifungana	kikifungana	vikifungana	ikifungana	zikifungana	ukifungana	kukifungana	pakifungana	mukifungana

"If not"
Negative	nisipofungana	tusipofungana	usipofungana	msipofungana	asipofungana	wasipofungana	usipofungana	isipofungana	lisipofungana	yasipofungana	kisipofungana	visipofungana	isipofungana	zisipofungana	usipofungana	kusipofungana	pasipofungana	musipofungana

Consecutive
Positive	nikafungana	tukafungana	ukafungana	mkafungana	akafungana	wakafungana	ukafungana	ikafungana	likafungana	yakafungana	kikafungana	vikafungana	ikafungana	zikafungana	ukafungana	kukafungana	pakafungana	mukafungana

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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