hamba
Indonesian
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /hambə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /hamba/
- Rhymes: -ambə, -bə, -ə
Northern Ndebele
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-hámba
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuhamba | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuhamba | ukungahambi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | hamba | -hambe | |||||||
Plural | hambani | -hambeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyahamba, ngihamba | engihambayo, engihamba | ngihamba | angihambi | engingahambi | ngingahambi | |||
2nd singular | uyahamba, uhamba | ohambayo, ohamba | uhamba | awuhambi | ongahambi | ungahambi | |||
1st plural | siyahamba, sihamba | esihambayo, esihamba | sihamba | asihambi | esingahambi | singahambi | |||
2nd plural | niyahamba, nihamba | enihambayo, enihamba | nihamba | anihambi | eningahambi | ningahambi | |||
Class 1 | uyahamba, uhamba | ohambayo, ohamba | ehamba | akahambi | ongahambi | engahambi | |||
Class 2 | bayahamba, bahamba | abahambayo, abahamba | behamba | abahambi | abangahambi | bengahambi | |||
Class 3 | uyahamba, uhamba | ohambayo, ohamba | uhamba | awuhambi | ongahambi | ungahambi | |||
Class 4 | iyahamba, ihamba | ehambayo, ehamba | ihamba | ayihambi | engahambi | ingahambi | |||
Class 5 | liyahamba, lihamba | elihambayo, elihamba | lihamba | alihambi | elingahambi | lingahambi | |||
Class 6 | ayahamba, ahamba | ahambayo, ahamba | ehamba | awahambi | angahambi | engahambi | |||
Class 7 | siyahamba, sihamba | esihambayo, esihamba | sihamba | asihambi | esingahambi | singahambi | |||
Class 8 | ziyahamba, zihamba | ezihambayo, ezihamba | zihamba | azihambi | ezingahambi | zingahambi | |||
Class 9 | iyahamba, ihamba | ehambayo, ehamba | ihamba | ayihambi | engahambi | ingahambi | |||
Class 10 | ziyahamba, zihamba | ezihambayo, ezihamba | zihamba | azihambi | ezingahambi | zingahambi | |||
Class 11 | luyahamba, luhamba | oluhambayo, oluhamba | luhamba | aluhambi | olungahambi | lungahambi | |||
Class 14 | buyahamba, buhamba | obuhambayo, obuhamba | buhamba | abuhambi | obungahambi | bungahambi | |||
Class 15 | kuyahamba, kuhamba | okuhambayo, okuhamba | kuhamba | akuhambi | okungahambi | kungahambi | |||
Class 17 | kuyahamba, kuhamba | okuhambayo, okuhamba | kuhamba | akuhambi | okungahambi | kungahambi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngihambile, ngihambē | engihambile, engihambē | ngihambile, ngihambē | angihambanga | engingahambanga | ngingahambanga | |||
2nd singular | uhambile, uhambē | ohambile, ohambē | uhambile, uhambē | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
1st plural | sihambile, sihambē | esihambile, esihambē | sihambile, sihambē | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
2nd plural | nihambile, nihambē | enihambile, enihambē | nihambile, nihambē | anihambanga | eningahambanga | ningahambanga | |||
Class 1 | uhambile, uhambē | ohambile, ohambē | ehambile, ehambē | akahambanga | ongahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 2 | bahambile, bahambē | abahambile, abahambē | behambile, behambē | abahambanga | abangahambanga | bengahambanga | |||
Class 3 | uhambile, uhambē | ohambile, ohambē | uhambile, uhambē | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
Class 4 | ihambile, ihambē | ehambile, ehambē | ihambile, ihambē | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 5 | lihambile, lihambē | elihambile, elihambē | lihambile, lihambē | alihambanga | elingahambanga | lingahambanga | |||
Class 6 | ahambile, ahambē | ahambile, ahambē | ehambile, ehambē | awahambanga | angahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 7 | sihambile, sihambē | esihambile, esihambē | sihambile, sihambē | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
Class 8 | zihambile, zihambē | ezihambile, ezihambē | zihambile, zihambē | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 9 | ihambile, ihambē | ehambile, ehambē | ihambile, ihambē | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 10 | zihambile, zihambē | ezihambile, ezihambē | zihambile, zihambē | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 11 | luhambile, luhambē | oluhambile, oluhambē | luhambile, luhambē | aluhambanga | olungahambanga | lungahambanga | |||
Class 14 | buhambile, buhambē | obuhambile, obuhambē | buhambile, buhambē | abuhambanga | obungahambanga | bungahambanga | |||
Class 15 | kuhambile, kuhambē | okuhambile, okuhambē | kuhambile, kuhambē | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Class 17 | kuhambile, kuhambē | okuhambile, okuhambē | kuhambile, kuhambē | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāhamba | engāhamba | ngāhamba | angihambanga | engingahambanga | ngingahambanga | |||
2nd singular | wāhamba | owāhamba | wāhamba | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
1st plural | sāhamba | esāhamba | sāhamba | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
2nd plural | nāhamba | enāhamba | nāhamba | anihambanga | eningahambanga | ningahambanga | |||
Class 1 | wāhamba | owāhamba | āhamba | akahambanga | ongahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 2 | bāhamba | abāhamba | bāhamba | abahambanga | abangahambanga | bengahambanga | |||
Class 3 | wāhamba | owāhamba | wāhamba | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
Class 4 | yāhamba | eyāhamba | yāhamba | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 5 | lāhamba | elāhamba | lāhamba | alihambanga | elingahambanga | lingahambanga | |||
Class 6 | āhamba | āhamba | āhamba | awahambanga | angahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 7 | sāhamba | esāhamba | sāhamba | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
Class 8 | zāhamba | ezāhamba | zāhamba | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 9 | yāhamba | eyāhamba | yāhamba | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 10 | zāhamba | ezāhamba | zāhamba | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāhamba | olwāhamba | lwāhamba | aluhambanga | olungahambanga | lungahambanga | |||
Class 14 | bāhamba | obāhamba | bāhamba | abuhambanga | obungahambanga | bungahambanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāhamba | okwāhamba | kwāhamba | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāhamba | okwāhamba | kwāhamba | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingahamba | — | ngingahamba | ngingehambe | — | ngingehambe | |||
2nd singular | ungahamba | — | ungahamba | ungehambe | — | ungehambe | |||
1st plural | singahamba | — | singahamba | singehambe | — | singehambe | |||
2nd plural | ningahamba | — | ningahamba | ningehambe | — | ningehambe | |||
Class 1 | angahamba | — | engahamba | angehambe | — | engehambe | |||
Class 2 | bangahamba | — | bengahamba | bangehambe | — | bengehambe | |||
Class 3 | ungahamba | — | ungahamba | ungehambe | — | ungehambe | |||
Class 4 | ingahamba | — | ingahamba | ingehambe | — | ingehambe | |||
Class 5 | lingahamba | — | lingahamba | lingehambe | — | lingehambe | |||
Class 6 | angahamba | — | engahamba | angehambe | — | engehambe | |||
Class 7 | singahamba | — | singahamba | singehambe | — | singehambe | |||
Class 8 | zingahamba | — | zingahamba | zingehambe | — | zingehambe | |||
Class 9 | ingahamba | — | ingahamba | ingehambe | — | ingehambe | |||
Class 10 | zingahamba | — | zingahamba | zingehambe | — | zingehambe | |||
Class 11 | lungahamba | — | lungahamba | lungehambe | — | lungehambe | |||
Class 14 | bungahamba | — | bungahamba | bungehambe | — | bungehambe | |||
Class 15 | kungahamba | — | kungahamba | kungehambe | — | kungehambe | |||
Class 17 | kungahamba | — | kungahamba | kungehambe | — | kungehambe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizohamba | engizohamba | ngizohamba | angizuhamba | engingezuhamba | ngingezuhamba | |||
2nd singular | uzohamba | ozohamba | uzohamba | awuzuhamba | ongezuhamba | ungezuhamba | |||
1st plural | sizohamba | esizohamba | sizohamba | asizuhamba | esingezuhamba | singezuhamba | |||
2nd plural | nizohamba | enizohamba | nizohamba | anizuhamba | eningezuhamba | ningezuhamba | |||
Class 1 | uzohamba | ozohamba | ezohamba | akazuhamba | ongezuhamba | engezuhamba | |||
Class 2 | bazohamba | abazohamba | bezohamba | abazuhamba | abangezuhamba | bengezuhamba | |||
Class 3 | uzohamba | ozohamba | uzohamba | awuzuhamba | ongezuhamba | ungezuhamba | |||
Class 4 | izohamba | ezohamba | izohamba | ayizuhamba | engezuhamba | ingezuhamba | |||
Class 5 | lizohamba | elizohamba | lizohamba | alizuhamba | elingezuhamba | lingezuhamba | |||
Class 6 | azohamba | azohamba | ezohamba | awazuhamba | angezuhamba | engezuhamba | |||
Class 7 | sizohamba | esizohamba | sizohamba | asizuhamba | esingezuhamba | singezuhamba | |||
Class 8 | zizohamba | ezizohamba | zizohamba | azizuhamba | ezingezuhamba | zingezuhamba | |||
Class 9 | izohamba | ezohamba | izohamba | ayizuhamba | engezuhamba | ingezuhamba | |||
Class 10 | zizohamba | ezizohamba | zizohamba | azizuhamba | ezingezuhamba | zingezuhamba | |||
Class 11 | luzohamba | oluzohamba | luzohamba | aluzuhamba | olungezuhamba | lungezuhamba | |||
Class 14 | buzohamba | obuzohamba | buzohamba | abuzuhamba | obungezuhamba | bungezuhamba | |||
Class 15 | kuzohamba | okuzohamba | kuzohamba | akuzuhamba | okungezuhamba | kungezuhamba | |||
Class 17 | kuzohamba | okuzohamba | kuzohamba | akuzuhamba | okungezuhamba | kungezuhamba | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyohamba | engiyohamba | ngiyohamba | angiyuhamba | engingeyuhamba | ngingeyuhamba | |||
2nd singular | uyohamba | oyohamba | uyohamba | awuyuhamba | ongeyuhamba | ungeyuhamba | |||
1st plural | siyohamba | esiyohamba | siyohamba | asiyuhamba | esingeyuhamba | singeyuhamba | |||
2nd plural | niyohamba | eniyohamba | niyohamba | aniyuhamba | eningeyuhamba | ningeyuhamba | |||
Class 1 | uyohamba | oyohamba | eyohamba | akayuhamba | ongeyuhamba | engeyuhamba | |||
Class 2 | bayohamba | abayohamba | beyohamba | abayuhamba | abangeyuhamba | bengeyuhamba | |||
Class 3 | uyohamba | oyohamba | uyohamba | awuyuhamba | ongeyuhamba | ungeyuhamba | |||
Class 4 | iyohamba | eyohamba | iyohamba | ayiyuhamba | engeyuhamba | ingeyuhamba | |||
Class 5 | liyohamba | eliyohamba | liyohamba | aliyuhamba | elingeyuhamba | lingeyuhamba | |||
Class 6 | ayohamba | ayohamba | eyohamba | awayuhamba | angeyuhamba | engeyuhamba | |||
Class 7 | siyohamba | esiyohamba | siyohamba | asiyuhamba | esingeyuhamba | singeyuhamba | |||
Class 8 | ziyohamba | eziyohamba | ziyohamba | aziyuhamba | ezingeyuhamba | zingeyuhamba | |||
Class 9 | iyohamba | eyohamba | iyohamba | ayiyuhamba | engeyuhamba | ingeyuhamba | |||
Class 10 | ziyohamba | eziyohamba | ziyohamba | aziyuhamba | ezingeyuhamba | zingeyuhamba | |||
Class 11 | luyohamba | oluyohamba | luyohamba | aluyuhamba | olungeyuhamba | lungeyuhamba | |||
Class 14 | buyohamba | obuyohamba | buyohamba | abuyuhamba | obungeyuhamba | bungeyuhamba | |||
Class 15 | kuyohamba | okuyohamba | kuyohamba | akuyuhamba | okungeyuhamba | kungeyuhamba | |||
Class 17 | kuyohamba | okuyohamba | kuyohamba | akuyuhamba | okungeyuhamba | kungeyuhamba | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngihambe | ngingahambi | |||||||
2nd singular | uhambe | ungahambi | |||||||
1st plural | sihambe | singahambi | |||||||
2nd plural | nihambe | ningahambi | |||||||
Class 1 | ahambe | angahambi | |||||||
Class 2 | bahambe | bangahambi | |||||||
Class 3 | uhambe | ungahambi | |||||||
Class 4 | ihambe | ingahambi | |||||||
Class 5 | lihambe | lingahambi | |||||||
Class 6 | ahambe | angahambi | |||||||
Class 7 | sihambe | singahambi | |||||||
Class 8 | zihambe | zingahambi | |||||||
Class 9 | ihambe | ingahambi | |||||||
Class 10 | zihambe | zingahambi | |||||||
Class 11 | luhambe | lungahambi | |||||||
Class 14 | buhambe | bungahambi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuhambe | kungahambi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuhambe | kungahambi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngahamba | ngangahamba, angahamba, angangahamba | |||||||
2nd singular | wahamba | wangahamba, awahamba, awangahamba | |||||||
1st plural | sahamba | sangahamba, asahamba, asangahamba | |||||||
2nd plural | nahamba | nangahamba, anahamba, anangahamba | |||||||
Class 1 | wahamba | wangahamba, akahamba, akangahamba | |||||||
Class 2 | bahamba | bangahamba, abahamba, abangahamba | |||||||
Class 3 | wahamba | wangahamba, awahamba, awangahamba | |||||||
Class 4 | yahamba | yangahamba, ayahamba, ayangahamba | |||||||
Class 5 | lahamba | langahamba, alahamba, alangahamba | |||||||
Class 6 | ahamba | angahamba, awahamba, awangahamba | |||||||
Class 7 | sahamba | sangahamba, asahamba, asangahamba | |||||||
Class 8 | zahamba | zangahamba, azahamba, azangahamba | |||||||
Class 9 | yahamba | yangahamba, ayahamba, ayangahamba | |||||||
Class 10 | zahamba | zangahamba, azahamba, azangahamba | |||||||
Class 11 | lwahamba | lwangahamba, alwahamba, alwangahamba | |||||||
Class 14 | bahamba | bangahamba, abahamba, abangahamba | |||||||
Class 15 | kwahamba | kwangahamba, akwahamba, akwangahamba | |||||||
Class 17 | kwahamba | kwangahamba, akwahamba, akwangahamba |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “hamba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hamba (3.9)”
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