joikua
Finnish
Conjugation
| Inflection of joikua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, k- gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | joiun | en joiu | 1st sing. | olen joikunut | en ole joikunut | |
| 2nd sing. | joiut | et joiu | 2nd sing. | olet joikunut | et ole joikunut | |
| 3rd sing. | joikuu | ei joiu | 3rd sing. | on joikunut | ei ole joikunut | |
| 1st plur. | joiumme | emme joiu | 1st plur. | olemme joikuneet | emme ole joikuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | joiutte | ette joiu | 2nd plur. | olette joikuneet | ette ole joikuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | joikuvat | eivät joiu | 3rd plur. | ovat joikuneet | eivät ole joikuneet | |
| passive | joiutaan | ei joiuta | passive | on joiuttu | ei ole joiuttu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | joiuin | en joikunut | 1st sing. | olin joikunut | en ollut joikunut | |
| 2nd sing. | joiuit | et joikunut | 2nd sing. | olit joikunut | et ollut joikunut | |
| 3rd sing. | joikui | ei joikunut | 3rd sing. | oli joikunut | ei ollut joikunut | |
| 1st plur. | joiuimme | emme joikuneet | 1st plur. | olimme joikuneet | emme olleet joikuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | joiuitte | ette joikuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte joikuneet | ette olleet joikuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | joikuivat | eivät joikuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat joikuneet | eivät olleet joikuneet | |
| passive | joiuttiin | ei joiuttu | passive | oli joiuttu | ei ollut joiuttu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | joikuisin | en joikuisi | 1st sing. | olisin joikunut | en olisi joikunut | |
| 2nd sing. | joikuisit | et joikuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit joikunut | et olisi joikunut | |
| 3rd sing. | joikuisi | ei joikuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi joikunut | ei olisi joikunut | |
| 1st plur. | joikuisimme | emme joikuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme joikuneet | emme olisi joikuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | joikuisitte | ette joikuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte joikuneet | ette olisi joikuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | joikuisivat | eivät joikuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat joikuneet | eivät olisi joikuneet | |
| passive | joiuttaisiin | ei joiuttaisi | passive | olisi joiuttu | ei olisi joiuttu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | joiu | älä joiu | 2nd sing. | ole joikunut | älä ole joikunut | |
| 3rd sing. | joikukoon | älköön joikuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon joikunut | älköön olko joikunut | |
| 1st plur. | joikukaamme | älkäämme joikuko | 1st plur. | olkaamme joikuneet | älkäämme olko joikuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | joikukaa | älkää joikuko | 2nd plur. | olkaa joikuneet | älkää olko joikuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | joikukoot | älkööt joikuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot joikuneet | älkööt olko joikuneet | |
| passive | joiuttakoon | älköön joiuttako | passive | olkoon joiuttu | älköön olko joiuttu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | joikunen | en joikune | 1st sing. | lienen joikunut | en liene joikunut | |
| 2nd sing. | joikunet | et joikune | 2nd sing. | lienet joikunut | et liene joikunut | |
| 3rd sing. | joikunee | ei joikune | 3rd sing. | lienee joikunut | ei liene joikunut | |
| 1st plur. | joikunemme | emme joikune | 1st plur. | lienemme joikuneet | emme liene joikuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | joikunette | ette joikune | 2nd plur. | lienette joikuneet | ette liene joikuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | joikunevat | eivät joikune | 3rd plur. | lienevät joikuneet | eivät liene joikuneet | |
| passive | joiuttaneen | ei joiuttane | passive | lienee joiuttu | ei liene joiuttu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | joikua | present | joikuva | joiuttava | ||
| long 1st2 | joikuakseen | past | joikunut | joiuttu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | joikuessa | joiuttaessa | agent1, 3 | joikuma | |
| instructive | joikuen | — | negative | joikumaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | joikumassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | joikumasta | — | ||||
| illative | joikumaan | — | ||||
| adessive | joikumalla | — | ||||
| abessive | joikumatta | — | ||||
| instructive | joikuman | joiuttaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | joikuminen | ||||
| partitive | joikumista | |||||
| 5th2 | joikumaisillaan | |||||
Synonyms
Related terms
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