kʾlwʾn'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎣𐎠𐎼 (k-a-r /kāra-/, “the people, army”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“army”).

Akin to Manichaean Parthian kʾrwʾn‎ (kārwān, “army on the march, army”). Compare Sanskrit करभ (karabha, “camel”)

Noun

kʾlwʾn' • (kārawān)

Derived terms

kʾlwʾnyk' (kārawānīg)

Descendants

→ Old Armenian: կարաւան (karawan)
- Armenian: քարավան (kʿaravan)
Persian: کاروان‎ (kârvân), کاربان‎ (kârbân)
- → Arabic: قيروان‎ (qayrawān, qayruwān), القيروان‎ (al-Qayrawān, al-Qayruwān)
  - → English: Kairouan
- → Azeri: karvan / کاروان‎
- → Georgian: ქარავანი (karavani)
- → Greek: καραβάνι (karaváni)
- → Hindustani:
  - Hindi: कारवाँ (kārvān)
  - Urdu: کاروان‎ (kārvān)
- → Middle Armenian: քարւան (kʿarwan)
- → Medieval Latin: caravana
  - → Italian: carovana, caravana
  - → Middle High German: karabane
    - German: Karawane
      - → Czech: karavana
      - → Slovak: karavana
      - → Polish: karawana
      - → Lower Sorbian: karawana
      - → Higher Sorbian: karawana
      - → Serbo-Croatian: карава̀на (karavàna)
  - → Portuguese: caravana
  - → Spanish: caravana
    - → Basque: karabana
  - → Catalan: caravana
  - → Occitan: caravana
- → Old French: carvane, carevane
  - Middle French: caravane
    - French: caravane
    - → English: caravan
      - → Turkish: karavan
    - → Dutch: karavaan
    - → Danish: karavane
    - → Swedish: karavan
      - → Finnish: karavaani
  - → Middle Dutch: carvane
- → Russian: караван (karavan)
- → Ottoman Turkish: كاروان‎ (kârvân), كاربان‎ (kârbân)
  - Turkish: kervan
  - → Albanian: karvan
  - → Bulgarian: керван (kervan), карван (karvan)
  - → Romanian: chervan
- → Turkmen: kerwen
  - → Kazakh: керуен (kerwen)
- → Uyghur: كارۋان‎ (karwan)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “kārawān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “կարաւան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 547
Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971

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