kirkua
Finnish
(index ki)
Etymology
By metathesis from Proto-Germanic *skrīkjanan.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: kir‧ku‧a
- IPA(key): /ˈkirkuɑ(ʔ)/
Usage notes
- First and second person forms rarely used
Conjugation
| Inflection of kirkua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, k- gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kirun | en kiru | 1st sing. | olen kirkunut | en ole kirkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kirut | et kiru | 2nd sing. | olet kirkunut | et ole kirkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirkuu | ei kiru | 3rd sing. | on kirkunut | ei ole kirkunut | |
| 1st plur. | kirumme | emme kiru | 1st plur. | olemme kirkuneet | emme ole kirkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kirutte | ette kiru | 2nd plur. | olette kirkuneet | ette ole kirkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirkuvat | eivät kiru | 3rd plur. | ovat kirkuneet | eivät ole kirkuneet | |
| passive | kirutaan | ei kiruta | passive | on kiruttu | ei ole kiruttu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kiruin | en kirkunut | 1st sing. | olin kirkunut | en ollut kirkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kiruit | et kirkunut | 2nd sing. | olit kirkunut | et ollut kirkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirkui | ei kirkunut | 3rd sing. | oli kirkunut | ei ollut kirkunut | |
| 1st plur. | kiruimme | emme kirkuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kirkuneet | emme olleet kirkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kiruitte | ette kirkuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kirkuneet | ette olleet kirkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirkuivat | eivät kirkuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kirkuneet | eivät olleet kirkuneet | |
| passive | kiruttiin | ei kiruttu | passive | oli kiruttu | ei ollut kiruttu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kirkuisin | en kirkuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kirkunut | en olisi kirkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kirkuisit | et kirkuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kirkunut | et olisi kirkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirkuisi | ei kirkuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kirkunut | ei olisi kirkunut | |
| 1st plur. | kirkuisimme | emme kirkuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kirkuneet | emme olisi kirkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kirkuisitte | ette kirkuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kirkuneet | ette olisi kirkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirkuisivat | eivät kirkuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kirkuneet | eivät olisi kirkuneet | |
| passive | kiruttaisiin | ei kiruttaisi | passive | olisi kiruttu | ei olisi kiruttu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | kiru | älä kiru | 2nd sing. | ole kirkunut | älä ole kirkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirkukoon | älköön kirkuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kirkunut | älköön olko kirkunut | |
| 1st plur. | kirkukaamme | älkäämme kirkuko | 1st plur. | olkaamme kirkuneet | älkäämme olko kirkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kirkukaa | älkää kirkuko | 2nd plur. | olkaa kirkuneet | älkää olko kirkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirkukoot | älkööt kirkuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kirkuneet | älkööt olko kirkuneet | |
| passive | kiruttakoon | älköön kiruttako | passive | olkoon kiruttu | älköön olko kiruttu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kirkunen | en kirkune | 1st sing. | lienen kirkunut | en liene kirkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kirkunet | et kirkune | 2nd sing. | lienet kirkunut | et liene kirkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kirkunee | ei kirkune | 3rd sing. | lienee kirkunut | ei liene kirkunut | |
| 1st plur. | kirkunemme | emme kirkune | 1st plur. | lienemme kirkuneet | emme liene kirkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kirkunette | ette kirkune | 2nd plur. | lienette kirkuneet | ette liene kirkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kirkunevat | eivät kirkune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kirkuneet | eivät liene kirkuneet | |
| passive | kiruttaneen | ei kiruttane | passive | lienee kiruttu | ei liene kiruttu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | kirkua | present | kirkuva | kiruttava | ||
| long 1st2 | kirkuakseen | past | kirkunut | kiruttu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | kirkuessa | kiruttaessa | agent1, 3 | kirkuma | |
| instructive | kirkuen | — | negative | kirkumaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | kirkumassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | kirkumasta | — | ||||
| illative | kirkumaan | — | ||||
| adessive | kirkumalla | — | ||||
| abessive | kirkumatta | — | ||||
| instructive | kirkuman | kiruttaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | kirkuminen | ||||
| partitive | kirkumista | |||||
| 5th2 | kirkumaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- verbs: momentane kirkaista
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