kutsua
Finnish
(index ku)
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kuccudak, from earlier *kućću-; akin to the Samic verb reflected in e.g. Northern Sami goččut. Contains the reflexive suffix -u. The root is probably of Indo-European loan origin, either from Germanic (cf. Old Norse kveðja (“to greet, to call upon, to demand”)) or Baltic (cf. Lithuanian kviesti (“to call, to sue, to ask”), from earlier *kvaitja-). Uralic inheritance has also been suggested, in light of Khanty *kuuć- "to teach, to tempt" (suggesting a Proto-Uralic verb *kuććV-), for which an alternative etymology is however known as well.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkutsuɑˣ/, [ˈkut̪s̠uɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -utsuɑ
- Hyphenation: kut‧su‧a
Verb
kutsua, (transitive)
- (+ genitive-accusative) to invite
- Kutsuin isän päivälliselle.
- I invited my father for dinner.
- Kutsuin isän päivälliselle.
- (+ partitive) to beckon, call, call for summon (to shout out in order to summon)
- Nojauduin ulos takaovesta ja kutsuin Lucya.
- I leant out of the back door and called for Lucy.
- Olkaa hyvä ja istuutukaa. Teitä kutsutaan sukunimellä.
- Please have a seat. You will be called by the surname.
- Nojauduin ulos takaovesta ja kutsuin Lucya.
- (+ translative) to call, name, dub, go by
- Hänen alaisensa kutsuvat häntä epäkunnioittavasti vänrikki Nappulaksi.
- His subordinates disrespectfully call him lieutenant Fuzz.
- Hän kutsui minua Pertiksi, mutta en antanut sen haitata.
- He called me Pertti, but I did not let it bother me.
- Hänen koko nimensä on Ernest Tinkleton, mutta häntä kutsutaan Ernieksi.
- His full name is Ernest Tinkleton, but he goes by Ernie.
- Hänen alaisensa kutsuvat häntä epäkunnioittavasti vänrikki Nappulaksi.
- (+ genitive-accusative) to call up (to select e.g. to a sports squad)
- (+ genitive-accusative) ~ koolle, ~ kokoon: to muster (to collect, call or assemble together, such as troops or a group)
- (+ genitive-accusative) ~ palvelukseen: to muster, call out (to enroll into service, to order into service)
- Kuvernööri kutsui kansalliskaartin palvelukseen.
- The Governor called out the National Guard.
- Kuvernööri kutsui kansalliskaartin palvelukseen.
- (+ genitive-accusative) to hail, call out (to voice loudly in order to gain the attention of)
- ~ taksi: to hail a taxi, to call out a taxi
Conjugation
| Inflection of kutsua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kutsun | en kutsu | 1st sing. | olen kutsunut | en ole kutsunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kutsut | et kutsu | 2nd sing. | olet kutsunut | et ole kutsunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kutsuu | ei kutsu | 3rd sing. | on kutsunut | ei ole kutsunut | |
| 1st plur. | kutsumme | emme kutsu | 1st plur. | olemme kutsuneet | emme ole kutsuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kutsutte | ette kutsu | 2nd plur. | olette kutsuneet | ette ole kutsuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kutsuvat | eivät kutsu | 3rd plur. | ovat kutsuneet | eivät ole kutsuneet | |
| passive | kutsutaan | ei kutsuta | passive | on kutsuttu | ei ole kutsuttu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kutsuin | en kutsunut | 1st sing. | olin kutsunut | en ollut kutsunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kutsuit | et kutsunut | 2nd sing. | olit kutsunut | et ollut kutsunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kutsui | ei kutsunut | 3rd sing. | oli kutsunut | ei ollut kutsunut | |
| 1st plur. | kutsuimme | emme kutsuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kutsuneet | emme olleet kutsuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kutsuitte | ette kutsuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kutsuneet | ette olleet kutsuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kutsuivat | eivät kutsuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kutsuneet | eivät olleet kutsuneet | |
| passive | kutsuttiin | ei kutsuttu | passive | oli kutsuttu | ei ollut kutsuttu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kutsuisin | en kutsuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kutsunut | en olisi kutsunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kutsuisit | et kutsuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kutsunut | et olisi kutsunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kutsuisi | ei kutsuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kutsunut | ei olisi kutsunut | |
| 1st plur. | kutsuisimme | emme kutsuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kutsuneet | emme olisi kutsuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kutsuisitte | ette kutsuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kutsuneet | ette olisi kutsuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kutsuisivat | eivät kutsuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kutsuneet | eivät olisi kutsuneet | |
| passive | kutsuttaisiin | ei kutsuttaisi | passive | olisi kutsuttu | ei olisi kutsuttu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | kutsu | älä kutsu | 2nd sing. | ole kutsunut | älä ole kutsunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kutsukoon | älköön kutsuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kutsunut | älköön olko kutsunut | |
| 1st plur. | kutsukaamme | älkäämme kutsuko | 1st plur. | olkaamme kutsuneet | älkäämme olko kutsuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kutsukaa | älkää kutsuko | 2nd plur. | olkaa kutsuneet | älkää olko kutsuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kutsukoot | älkööt kutsuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kutsuneet | älkööt olko kutsuneet | |
| passive | kutsuttakoon | älköön kutsuttako | passive | olkoon kutsuttu | älköön olko kutsuttu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | kutsunen | en kutsune | 1st sing. | lienen kutsunut | en liene kutsunut | |
| 2nd sing. | kutsunet | et kutsune | 2nd sing. | lienet kutsunut | et liene kutsunut | |
| 3rd sing. | kutsunee | ei kutsune | 3rd sing. | lienee kutsunut | ei liene kutsunut | |
| 1st plur. | kutsunemme | emme kutsune | 1st plur. | lienemme kutsuneet | emme liene kutsuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | kutsunette | ette kutsune | 2nd plur. | lienette kutsuneet | ette liene kutsuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | kutsunevat | eivät kutsune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kutsuneet | eivät liene kutsuneet | |
| passive | kutsuttaneen | ei kutsuttane | passive | lienee kutsuttu | ei liene kutsuttu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | kutsua | present | kutsuva | kutsuttava | ||
| long 1st2 | kutsuakseen | past | kutsunut | kutsuttu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | kutsuessa | kutsuttaessa | agent1, 3 | kutsuma | |
| instructive | kutsuen | — | negative | kutsumaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | kutsumassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | kutsumasta | — | ||||
| illative | kutsumaan | — | ||||
| adessive | kutsumalla | — | ||||
| abessive | kutsumatta | — | ||||
| instructive | kutsuman | kutsuttaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | kutsuminen | ||||
| partitive | kutsumista | |||||
| 5th2 | kutsumaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
Derived terms
References
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija (editors). 1992–2000. Suomen sanojen alkuperä ('The Origin of Finnish Words'). Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus/Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. →ISBN.
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