lingana
Swahili
Adjective
lingana
- similar (having traits or characteristics in common; alike, comparable)
This Swahili entry was created from the translations listed at similar. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see lingana in the Swahili Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) July 2009
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-lingana, from Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-lingana, from Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-lingana, from Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
Verb
-lingana
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukulingana | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukulingana | ukungalingani | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | lingana | -lingane | |||||||
Plural | linganani | -linganeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyalingana, ngilingana | engilinganayo, engilingana | ngilingana | angilingani | engingalingani | ngingalingani | |||
2nd singular | uyalingana, ulingana | olinganayo, olingana | ulingana | awulingani | ongalingani | ungalingani | |||
1st plural | siyalingana, silingana | esilinganayo, esilingana | silingana | asilingani | esingalingani | singalingani | |||
2nd plural | niyalingana, nilingana | enilinganayo, enilingana | nilingana | anilingani | eningalingani | ningalingani | |||
Class 1 | uyalingana, ulingana | olinganayo, olingana | elingana | akalingani | ongalingani | engalingani | |||
Class 2 | bayalingana, balingana | abalinganayo, abalingana | belingana | abalingani | abangalingani | bengalingani | |||
Class 3 | uyalingana, ulingana | olinganayo, olingana | ulingana | awulingani | ongalingani | ungalingani | |||
Class 4 | iyalingana, ilingana | elinganayo, elingana | ilingana | ayilingani | engalingani | ingalingani | |||
Class 5 | liyalingana, lilingana | elilinganayo, elilingana | lilingana | alilingani | elingalingani | lingalingani | |||
Class 6 | ayalingana, alingana | alinganayo, alingana | elingana | awalingani | angalingani | engalingani | |||
Class 7 | siyalingana, silingana | esilinganayo, esilingana | silingana | asilingani | esingalingani | singalingani | |||
Class 8 | ziyalingana, zilingana | ezilinganayo, ezilingana | zilingana | azilingani | ezingalingani | zingalingani | |||
Class 9 | iyalingana, ilingana | elinganayo, elingana | ilingana | ayilingani | engalingani | ingalingani | |||
Class 10 | ziyalingana, zilingana | ezilinganayo, ezilingana | zilingana | azilingani | ezingalingani | zingalingani | |||
Class 11 | luyalingana, lulingana | olulinganayo, olulingana | lulingana | alulingani | olungalingani | lungalingani | |||
Class 14 | buyalingana, bulingana | obulinganayo, obulingana | bulingana | abulingani | obungalingani | bungalingani | |||
Class 15 | kuyalingana, kulingana | okulinganayo, okulingana | kulingana | akulingani | okungalingani | kungalingani | |||
Class 17 | kuyalingana, kulingana | okulinganayo, okulingana | kulingana | akulingani | okungalingani | kungalingani | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngilinganile, ngilinganē | engilinganile, engilinganē | ngilinganile, ngilinganē | angilingananga | engingalingananga | ngingalingananga | |||
2nd singular | ulinganile, ulinganē | olinganile, olinganē | ulinganile, ulinganē | awulingananga | ongalingananga | ungalingananga | |||
1st plural | silinganile, silinganē | esilinganile, esilinganē | silinganile, silinganē | asilingananga | esingalingananga | singalingananga | |||
2nd plural | nilinganile, nilinganē | enilinganile, enilinganē | nilinganile, nilinganē | anilingananga | eningalingananga | ningalingananga | |||
Class 1 | ulinganile, ulinganē | olinganile, olinganē | elinganile, elinganē | akalingananga | ongalingananga | engalingananga | |||
Class 2 | balinganile, balinganē | abalinganile, abalinganē | belinganile, belinganē | abalingananga | abangalingananga | bengalingananga | |||
Class 3 | ulinganile, ulinganē | olinganile, olinganē | ulinganile, ulinganē | awulingananga | ongalingananga | ungalingananga | |||
Class 4 | ilinganile, ilinganē | elinganile, elinganē | ilinganile, ilinganē | ayilingananga | engalingananga | ingalingananga | |||
Class 5 | lilinganile, lilinganē | elilinganile, elilinganē | lilinganile, lilinganē | alilingananga | elingalingananga | lingalingananga | |||
Class 6 | alinganile, alinganē | alinganile, alinganē | elinganile, elinganē | awalingananga | angalingananga | engalingananga | |||
Class 7 | silinganile, silinganē | esilinganile, esilinganē | silinganile, silinganē | asilingananga | esingalingananga | singalingananga | |||
Class 8 | zilinganile, zilinganē | ezilinganile, ezilinganē | zilinganile, zilinganē | azilingananga | ezingalingananga | zingalingananga | |||
Class 9 | ilinganile, ilinganē | elinganile, elinganē | ilinganile, ilinganē | ayilingananga | engalingananga | ingalingananga | |||
Class 10 | zilinganile, zilinganē | ezilinganile, ezilinganē | zilinganile, zilinganē | azilingananga | ezingalingananga | zingalingananga | |||
Class 11 | lulinganile, lulinganē | olulinganile, olulinganē | lulinganile, lulinganē | alulingananga | olungalingananga | lungalingananga | |||
Class 14 | bulinganile, bulinganē | obulinganile, obulinganē | bulinganile, bulinganē | abulingananga | obungalingananga | bungalingananga | |||
Class 15 | kulinganile, kulinganē | okulinganile, okulinganē | kulinganile, kulinganē | akulingananga | okungalingananga | kungalingananga | |||
Class 17 | kulinganile, kulinganē | okulinganile, okulinganē | kulinganile, kulinganē | akulingananga | okungalingananga | kungalingananga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngālingana | engālingana | ngālingana | angilingananga | engingalingananga | ngingalingananga | |||
2nd singular | wālingana | owālingana | wālingana | awulingananga | ongalingananga | ungalingananga | |||
1st plural | sālingana | esālingana | sālingana | asilingananga | esingalingananga | singalingananga | |||
2nd plural | nālingana | enālingana | nālingana | anilingananga | eningalingananga | ningalingananga | |||
Class 1 | wālingana | owālingana | ālingana | akalingananga | ongalingananga | engalingananga | |||
Class 2 | bālingana | abālingana | bālingana | abalingananga | abangalingananga | bengalingananga | |||
Class 3 | wālingana | owālingana | wālingana | awulingananga | ongalingananga | ungalingananga | |||
Class 4 | yālingana | eyālingana | yālingana | ayilingananga | engalingananga | ingalingananga | |||
Class 5 | lālingana | elālingana | lālingana | alilingananga | elingalingananga | lingalingananga | |||
Class 6 | ālingana | ālingana | ālingana | awalingananga | angalingananga | engalingananga | |||
Class 7 | sālingana | esālingana | sālingana | asilingananga | esingalingananga | singalingananga | |||
Class 8 | zālingana | ezālingana | zālingana | azilingananga | ezingalingananga | zingalingananga | |||
Class 9 | yālingana | eyālingana | yālingana | ayilingananga | engalingananga | ingalingananga | |||
Class 10 | zālingana | ezālingana | zālingana | azilingananga | ezingalingananga | zingalingananga | |||
Class 11 | lwālingana | olwālingana | lwālingana | alulingananga | olungalingananga | lungalingananga | |||
Class 14 | bālingana | obālingana | bālingana | abulingananga | obungalingananga | bungalingananga | |||
Class 15 | kwālingana | okwālingana | kwālingana | akulingananga | okungalingananga | kungalingananga | |||
Class 17 | kwālingana | okwālingana | kwālingana | akulingananga | okungalingananga | kungalingananga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingalingana | — | ngingalingana | ngingelingane | — | ngingelingane | |||
2nd singular | ungalingana | — | ungalingana | ungelingane | — | ungelingane | |||
1st plural | singalingana | — | singalingana | singelingane | — | singelingane | |||
2nd plural | ningalingana | — | ningalingana | ningelingane | — | ningelingane | |||
Class 1 | angalingana | — | engalingana | angelingane | — | engelingane | |||
Class 2 | bangalingana | — | bengalingana | bangelingane | — | bengelingane | |||
Class 3 | ungalingana | — | ungalingana | ungelingane | — | ungelingane | |||
Class 4 | ingalingana | — | ingalingana | ingelingane | — | ingelingane | |||
Class 5 | lingalingana | — | lingalingana | lingelingane | — | lingelingane | |||
Class 6 | angalingana | — | engalingana | angelingane | — | engelingane | |||
Class 7 | singalingana | — | singalingana | singelingane | — | singelingane | |||
Class 8 | zingalingana | — | zingalingana | zingelingane | — | zingelingane | |||
Class 9 | ingalingana | — | ingalingana | ingelingane | — | ingelingane | |||
Class 10 | zingalingana | — | zingalingana | zingelingane | — | zingelingane | |||
Class 11 | lungalingana | — | lungalingana | lungelingane | — | lungelingane | |||
Class 14 | bungalingana | — | bungalingana | bungelingane | — | bungelingane | |||
Class 15 | kungalingana | — | kungalingana | kungelingane | — | kungelingane | |||
Class 17 | kungalingana | — | kungalingana | kungelingane | — | kungelingane | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizolingana | engizolingana | ngizolingana | angizulingana | engingezulingana | ngingezulingana | |||
2nd singular | uzolingana | ozolingana | uzolingana | awuzulingana | ongezulingana | ungezulingana | |||
1st plural | sizolingana | esizolingana | sizolingana | asizulingana | esingezulingana | singezulingana | |||
2nd plural | nizolingana | enizolingana | nizolingana | anizulingana | eningezulingana | ningezulingana | |||
Class 1 | uzolingana | ozolingana | ezolingana | akazulingana | ongezulingana | engezulingana | |||
Class 2 | bazolingana | abazolingana | bezolingana | abazulingana | abangezulingana | bengezulingana | |||
Class 3 | uzolingana | ozolingana | uzolingana | awuzulingana | ongezulingana | ungezulingana | |||
Class 4 | izolingana | ezolingana | izolingana | ayizulingana | engezulingana | ingezulingana | |||
Class 5 | lizolingana | elizolingana | lizolingana | alizulingana | elingezulingana | lingezulingana | |||
Class 6 | azolingana | azolingana | ezolingana | awazulingana | angezulingana | engezulingana | |||
Class 7 | sizolingana | esizolingana | sizolingana | asizulingana | esingezulingana | singezulingana | |||
Class 8 | zizolingana | ezizolingana | zizolingana | azizulingana | ezingezulingana | zingezulingana | |||
Class 9 | izolingana | ezolingana | izolingana | ayizulingana | engezulingana | ingezulingana | |||
Class 10 | zizolingana | ezizolingana | zizolingana | azizulingana | ezingezulingana | zingezulingana | |||
Class 11 | luzolingana | oluzolingana | luzolingana | aluzulingana | olungezulingana | lungezulingana | |||
Class 14 | buzolingana | obuzolingana | buzolingana | abuzulingana | obungezulingana | bungezulingana | |||
Class 15 | kuzolingana | okuzolingana | kuzolingana | akuzulingana | okungezulingana | kungezulingana | |||
Class 17 | kuzolingana | okuzolingana | kuzolingana | akuzulingana | okungezulingana | kungezulingana | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyolingana | engiyolingana | ngiyolingana | angiyulingana | engingeyulingana | ngingeyulingana | |||
2nd singular | uyolingana | oyolingana | uyolingana | awuyulingana | ongeyulingana | ungeyulingana | |||
1st plural | siyolingana | esiyolingana | siyolingana | asiyulingana | esingeyulingana | singeyulingana | |||
2nd plural | niyolingana | eniyolingana | niyolingana | aniyulingana | eningeyulingana | ningeyulingana | |||
Class 1 | uyolingana | oyolingana | eyolingana | akayulingana | ongeyulingana | engeyulingana | |||
Class 2 | bayolingana | abayolingana | beyolingana | abayulingana | abangeyulingana | bengeyulingana | |||
Class 3 | uyolingana | oyolingana | uyolingana | awuyulingana | ongeyulingana | ungeyulingana | |||
Class 4 | iyolingana | eyolingana | iyolingana | ayiyulingana | engeyulingana | ingeyulingana | |||
Class 5 | liyolingana | eliyolingana | liyolingana | aliyulingana | elingeyulingana | lingeyulingana | |||
Class 6 | ayolingana | ayolingana | eyolingana | awayulingana | angeyulingana | engeyulingana | |||
Class 7 | siyolingana | esiyolingana | siyolingana | asiyulingana | esingeyulingana | singeyulingana | |||
Class 8 | ziyolingana | eziyolingana | ziyolingana | aziyulingana | ezingeyulingana | zingeyulingana | |||
Class 9 | iyolingana | eyolingana | iyolingana | ayiyulingana | engeyulingana | ingeyulingana | |||
Class 10 | ziyolingana | eziyolingana | ziyolingana | aziyulingana | ezingeyulingana | zingeyulingana | |||
Class 11 | luyolingana | oluyolingana | luyolingana | aluyulingana | olungeyulingana | lungeyulingana | |||
Class 14 | buyolingana | obuyolingana | buyolingana | abuyulingana | obungeyulingana | bungeyulingana | |||
Class 15 | kuyolingana | okuyolingana | kuyolingana | akuyulingana | okungeyulingana | kungeyulingana | |||
Class 17 | kuyolingana | okuyolingana | kuyolingana | akuyulingana | okungeyulingana | kungeyulingana | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngilingane | ngingalingani | |||||||
2nd singular | ulingane | ungalingani | |||||||
1st plural | silingane | singalingani | |||||||
2nd plural | nilingane | ningalingani | |||||||
Class 1 | alingane | angalingani | |||||||
Class 2 | balingane | bangalingani | |||||||
Class 3 | ulingane | ungalingani | |||||||
Class 4 | ilingane | ingalingani | |||||||
Class 5 | lilingane | lingalingani | |||||||
Class 6 | alingane | angalingani | |||||||
Class 7 | silingane | singalingani | |||||||
Class 8 | zilingane | zingalingani | |||||||
Class 9 | ilingane | ingalingani | |||||||
Class 10 | zilingane | zingalingani | |||||||
Class 11 | lulingane | lungalingani | |||||||
Class 14 | bulingane | bungalingani | |||||||
Class 15 | kulingane | kungalingani | |||||||
Class 17 | kulingane | kungalingani | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngalingana | ngangalingana, angalingana, angangalingana | |||||||
2nd singular | walingana | wangalingana, awalingana, awangalingana | |||||||
1st plural | salingana | sangalingana, asalingana, asangalingana | |||||||
2nd plural | nalingana | nangalingana, analingana, anangalingana | |||||||
Class 1 | walingana | wangalingana, akalingana, akangalingana | |||||||
Class 2 | balingana | bangalingana, abalingana, abangalingana | |||||||
Class 3 | walingana | wangalingana, awalingana, awangalingana | |||||||
Class 4 | yalingana | yangalingana, ayalingana, ayangalingana | |||||||
Class 5 | lalingana | langalingana, alalingana, alangalingana | |||||||
Class 6 | alingana | angalingana, awalingana, awangalingana | |||||||
Class 7 | salingana | sangalingana, asalingana, asangalingana | |||||||
Class 8 | zalingana | zangalingana, azalingana, azangalingana | |||||||
Class 9 | yalingana | yangalingana, ayalingana, ayangalingana | |||||||
Class 10 | zalingana | zangalingana, azalingana, azangalingana | |||||||
Class 11 | lwalingana | lwangalingana, alwalingana, alwangalingana | |||||||
Class 14 | balingana | bangalingana, abalingana, abangalingana | |||||||
Class 15 | kwalingana | kwangalingana, akwalingana, akwangalingana | |||||||
Class 17 | kwalingana | kwangalingana, akwalingana, akwangalingana |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “lingana”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “lingana (3.2.9, ukulingana, 6.6.3.9.9)”
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