ozesha

Swahili

Verb

-ozesha (infinitive kuozesha)

Causative form of -oza: spoil, cause to become rotten

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ozesha

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kuozesha

kutoozesha

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

ozesha

ozesheni

Habitual

huozesha

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	niliozesha naliozesha	tuliozesha twaliozesha	uliozesha waliozesha	mliozesha mwaliozesha	aliozesha	waliozesha	uliozesha	iliozesha	liliozesha	yaliozesha	kiliozesha	viliozesha	iliozesha	ziliozesha	uliozesha	kuliozesha	paliozesha	muliozesha
Relative	nilioozesha nalioozesha	tulioozesha twalioozesha	ulioozesha walioozesha	mlioozesha mwalioozesha	alioozesha	walioozesha	ulioozesha	ilioozesha	lilioozesha	yalioozesha	kilioozesha	vilioozesha	ilioozesha	zilioozesha	ulioozesha	kulioozesha	palioozesha	mulioozesha
Negative	sikuozesha	hatukuozesha	hukuozesha	hamkuozesha	hakuozesha	hawakuozesha	haukuozesha	haikuozesha	halikuozesha	hayakuozesha	hakikuozesha	havikuozesha	haikuozesha	hazikuozesha	haukuozesha	hakukuozesha	hapakuozesha	hamukuozesha

Present
Positive	ninaozesha naozesha	tunaozesha	unaozesha	mnaozesha	anaozesha	wanaozesha	unaozesha	inaozesha	linaozesha	yanaozesha	kinaozesha	vinaozesha	inaozesha	zinaozesha	unaozesha	kunaozesha	panaozesha	munaozesha
Relative	ninaoozesha naoozesha	tunaoozesha	unaoozesha	mnaoozesha	anaoozesha	wanaoozesha	unaoozesha	inaoozesha	linaoozesha	yanaoozesha	kinaoozesha	vinaoozesha	inaoozesha	zinaoozesha	unaoozesha	kunaoozesha	panaoozesha	munaoozesha
Negative	siozeshi	hatuozeshi	huozeshi	hamozeshi	haozeshi	hawaozeshi	hauozeshi	haiozeshi	haliozeshi	hayaozeshi	hakiozeshi	haviozeshi	haiozeshi	haziozeshi	hauozeshi	hakuozeshi	hapaozeshi	hamuozeshi

Future
Positive	nitaozesha	tutaozesha	utaozesha	mtaozesha	ataozesha	wataozesha	utaozesha	itaozesha	litaozesha	yataozesha	kitaozesha	vitaozesha	itaozesha	zitaozesha	utaozesha	kutaozesha	pataozesha	mutaozesha
Relative	nitakaoozesha	tutakaoozesha	utakaoozesha	mtakaoozesha	atakaoozesha	watakaoozesha	utakaoozesha	itakaoozesha	litakaoozesha	yatakaoozesha	kitakaoozesha	vitakaoozesha	itakaoozesha	zitakaoozesha	utakaoozesha	kutakaoozesha	patakaoozesha	mutakaoozesha
Negative	sitaozesha	hatutaozesha	hutaozesha	hamtaozesha	hataozesha	hawataozesha	hautaozesha	haitaozesha	halitaozesha	hayataozesha	hakitaozesha	havitaozesha	haitaozesha	hazitaozesha	hautaozesha	hakutaozesha	hapataozesha	hamutaozesha

Subjunctive
Positive	niozeshe	tuozeshe	uozeshe	mozeshe	aozeshe	waozeshe	uozeshe	iozeshe	liozeshe	yaozeshe	kiozeshe	viozeshe	iozeshe	ziozeshe	uozeshe	kuozeshe	paozeshe	muozeshe
Negative	nisiozeshe	tusiozeshe	usiozeshe	msiozeshe	asiozeshe	wasiozeshe	usiozeshe	isiozeshe	lisiozeshe	yasiozeshe	kisiozeshe	visiozeshe	isiozeshe	zisiozeshe	usiozeshe	kusiozeshe	pasiozeshe	musiozeshe

Present Conditional
Positive	ningeozesha	tungeozesha	ungeozesha	mngeozesha	angeozesha	wangeozesha	ungeozesha	ingeozesha	lingeozesha	yangeozesha	kingeozesha	vingeozesha	ingeozesha	zingeozesha	ungeozesha	kungeozesha	pangeozesha	mungeozesha
Negative	nisingeozesha singeozesha	tusingeozesha hatungeozesha	usingeozesha hungeozesha	msingeozesha hamngeozesha	asingeozesha hangeozesha	wasingeozesha hawangeozesha	usingeozesha haungeozesha	isingeozesha haingeozesha	lisingeozesha halingeozesha	yasingeozesha hayangeozesha	kisingeozesha hakingeozesha	visingeozesha havingeozesha	isingeozesha haingeozesha	zisingeozesha hazingeozesha	usingeozesha haungeozesha	kusingeozesha hakungeozesha	pasingeozesha hapangeozesha	musingeozesha hamungeozesha

Past Conditional
Positive	ningaliozesha	tungaliozesha	ungaliozesha	mngaliozesha	angaliozesha	wangaliozesha	ungaliozesha	ingaliozesha	lingaliozesha	yangaliozesha	kingaliozesha	vingaliozesha	ingaliozesha	zingaliozesha	ungaliozesha	kungaliozesha	pangaliozesha	mungaliozesha
Negative	nisingaliozesha singaliozesha	tusingaliozesha hatungaliozesha	usingaliozesha hungaliozesha	msingaliozesha hamngaliozesha	asingaliozesha hangaliozesha	wasingaliozesha hawangaliozesha	usingaliozesha haungaliozesha	isingaliozesha haingaliozesha	lisingaliozesha halingaliozesha	yasingaliozesha hayangaliozesha	kisingaliozesha hakingaliozesha	visingaliozesha havingaliozesha	isingaliozesha haingaliozesha	zisingaliozesha hazingaliozesha	usingaliozesha haungaliozesha	kusingaliozesha hakungaliozesha	pasingaliozesha hapangaliozesha	musingaliozesha hamungaliozesha

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningeliozesha	tungeliozesha	ungeliozesha	mngeliozesha	angeliozesha	wangeliozesha	ungeliozesha	ingeliozesha	lingeliozesha	yangeliozesha	kingeliozesha	vingeliozesha	ingeliozesha	zingeliozesha	ungeliozesha	kungeliozesha	pangeliozesha	mungeliozesha

General Relative
Positive	niozeshao	tuozeshao	uozeshao	mozeshao	aozeshao	waozeshao	uozeshao	iozeshao	liozeshao	yaozeshao	kiozeshao	viozeshao	iozeshao	ziozeshao	uozeshao	kuozeshao	paozeshao	muozeshao
Negative	nisioozesha	tusioozesha	usioozesha	msioozesha	asioozesha	wasioozesha	usioozesha	isioozesha	lisioozesha	yasioozesha	kisioozesha	visioozesha	isioozesha	zisioozesha	usioozesha	kusioozesha	pasioozesha	musioozesha

Gnomic
Positive	naozesha	twaozesha	waozesha	mwaozesha	aozesha	waozesha	waozesha	yaozesha	laozesha	yaozesha	chaozesha	vyaozesha	yaozesha	zaozesha	waozesha	kwaozesha	paozesha	mwaozesha

Perfect
Positive	nimeozesha	tumeozesha	umeozesha	mmeozesha	ameozesha	wameozesha	umeozesha	imeozesha	limeozesha	yameozesha	kimeozesha	vimeozesha	imeozesha	zimeozesha	umeozesha	kumeozesha	pameozesha	mumeozesha

"Already"
Positive	nimeshaozesha	tumeshaozesha	umeshaozesha	mmeshaozesha	ameshaozesha	wameshaozesha	umeshaozesha	imeshaozesha	limeshaozesha	yameshaozesha	kimeshaozesha	vimeshaozesha	imeshaozesha	zimeshaozesha	umeshaozesha	kumeshaozesha	pameshaozesha	mumeshaozesha

"Not yet"
Negative	sijaozesha	hatujaozesha	hujaozesha	hamjaozesha	hajaozesha	hawajaozesha	haujaozesha	haijaozesha	halijaozesha	hayajaozesha	hakijaozesha	havijaozesha	haijaozesha	hazijaozesha	haujaozesha	hakujaozesha	hapajaozesha	hamujaozesha

"If/When"
Positive	nikiozesha	tukiozesha	ukiozesha	mkiozesha	akiozesha	wakiozesha	ukiozesha	ikiozesha	likiozesha	yakiozesha	kikiozesha	vikiozesha	ikiozesha	zikiozesha	ukiozesha	kukiozesha	pakiozesha	mukiozesha

"If not"
Negative	nisipoozesha	tusipoozesha	usipoozesha	msipoozesha	asipoozesha	wasipoozesha	usipoozesha	isipoozesha	lisipoozesha	yasipoozesha	kisipoozesha	visipoozesha	isipoozesha	zisipoozesha	usipoozesha	kusipoozesha	pasipoozesha	musipoozesha

Consecutive
Positive	nikaozesha	tukaozesha	ukaozesha	mkaozesha	akaozesha	wakaozesha	ukaozesha	ikaozesha	likaozesha	yakaozesha	kikaozesha	vikaozesha	ikaozesha	zikaozesha	ukaozesha	kukaozesha	pakaozesha	mukaozesha

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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