roth

See also: Roth and roð

German

Adjective

roth (comparative röther, superlative am röthesten)

  1. Obsolete spelling of rot: red

Declension
Positive forms of roth
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist roth sie ist roth es ist roth sie sind roth
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative rother rothe rothes rothe
genitive rothen rother rothen rother
dative rothem rother rothem rothen
accusative rothen rothe rothes rothe
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der rothe die rothe das rothe die rothen
genitive des rothen der rothen des rothen der rothen
dative dem rothen der rothen dem rothen den rothen
accusative den rothen die rothe das rothe die rothen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein rother eine rothe ein rothes (keine) rothen
genitive eines rothen einer rothen eines rothen (keiner) rothen
dative einem rothen einer rothen einem rothen (keinen) rothen
accusative einen rothen eine rothe ein rothes (keine) rothen
Comparative forms of roth
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist röther sie ist röther es ist röther sie sind röther
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative rötherer röthere rötheres röthere
genitive rötheren rötherer rötheren rötherer
dative rötherem rötherer rötherem rötheren
accusative rötheren röthere rötheres röthere
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der röthere die röthere das röthere die rötheren
genitive des rötheren der rötheren des rötheren der rötheren
dative dem rötheren der rötheren dem rötheren den rötheren
accusative den rötheren die röthere das röthere die rötheren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein rötherer eine röthere ein rötheres (keine) rötheren
genitive eines rötheren einer rötheren eines rötheren (keiner) rötheren
dative einem rötheren einer rötheren einem rötheren (keinen) rötheren
accusative einen rötheren eine röthere ein rötheres (keine) rötheren
Superlative forms of roth
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist am röthesten sie ist am röthesten es ist am röthesten sie sind am röthesten
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative röthester rötheste röthestes rötheste
genitive röthesten röthester röthesten röthester
dative röthestem röthester röthestem röthesten
accusative röthesten rötheste röthestes rötheste
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der rötheste die rötheste das rötheste die röthesten
genitive des röthesten der röthesten des röthesten der röthesten
dative dem röthesten der röthesten dem röthesten den röthesten
accusative den röthesten die rötheste das rötheste die röthesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein röthester eine rötheste ein röthestes (keine) röthesten
genitive eines röthesten einer röthesten eines röthesten (keiner) röthesten
dative einem röthesten einer röthesten einem röthesten (keinen) röthesten
accusative einen röthesten eine rötheste ein röthestes (keine) röthesten

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish roth, from Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hroth₂os.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɾˠɔ(h)/

Noun

roth m (genitive singular rotha, nominative plural rothaí)

  1. (architecture, heraldry, mechanical engineering, pyrotechnics) wheel (multiple senses)
    1. (familiar) bicycle

Declension
Declension of roth

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative roth rothaí
Vocative a roth a rothaí
Genitive rotha rothaí
Dative roth rothaí

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an roth na rothaí
Genitive an rotha na rothaí
Dative leis an roth

don roth

 leis na rothaí

Derived terms
  • bád rotha m (“paddleboat”)
  • giar-roth (“gear-wheel”)
  • mítéar-roth (“mitre-wheel”)
  • pionna rotha m (“linchpin”)
  • rothach (“wheeled; cyclic(al)”, adjective)
  • rothadóir m (“wheelwright”)
  • rothaí m (“cyclist”)
  • rothaigh (“cycle”, intransitive verb)
  • roth altach (“caterpillar-wheel”)
  • rothán m (“small wheel; loop, ring, hank”)
  • roth bíse (“screw-wheel”)
  • roth breise (“spare wheel”)
  • roth Chaitríona (“Catherine-wheel”)
  • rothchreatlach m (“spider”)
  • roth corónach (“crown wheel”)
  • roth cothromaíochta (“balance-wheel”)
  • roth cuirtíní (“(curtain-)runner”)
  • roth deiridh (“back wheel”)
  • rothdhiosca m (“wheel-disc”)
  • rothfhad m (“wheel-base”)
  • rothfhuinneog f (“wheel-window”)
  • roth fiaclach (“cogged wheel”)
  • roth gearrtha (“cutting-wheel”)
  • rothghléasra m (“train”)
  • rothlach (“rotating, rotary, rotatory”, adjective)
  • rothlaigh (“rotate, gyrate; whirl, spin”, verb)
  • roth laindéir (“lantern pinion”)
  • rothlam m (“roll; whirl, spin; strayer, roamer; catch”)
  • roth lián (“paddle-wheel”)
  • roth lústair (“fly-wheel”)
  • rothmhol m (“wheel of water-mill; whirling motion”)
  • roth muilinn (“mill-wheel”)
  • rothóg f (diminutive)
  • roth pionnaí (“pin-wheel”)
  • roth potaire (“potter's wheel”)
  • roth prioctha (“pricking-wheel”)
  • rothra m (“rotary press”)
  • roth raicín (“ratchet-wheel”)
  • roth rianaithe (“tracing-wheel”)
  • rothshraith f (“wheel-train”)
  • roth spoir (“rowel”)
  • roth stiúrtha (“steering-wheel”)
  • roth tiomána (“driving-wheel”)
  • roth tomhais (“trundle wheel”)
  • roth tosaigh (“front wheel”)
  • roth tuirlingthe (“landing-wheel”)
  • roth uisce (“water-wheel”)
  • roth ulóige (“pulley-wheel”)
  • saor-roth (“free-wheel”)
  • rothshruth
  • rothaíocht f (“cycling, biking”)
  • rothánach (“circulating”, adjective)
  • rothar m (“bicycle”)

Further reading
  • "roth" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “roth” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • Entries containing “roth” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “roth” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish *ᚏᚑᚈᚐᚄ (rotas), from Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os (compare Latin rota (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”) and Old High German rad (“wheel”)).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /r͈oθ/

Noun

roth m

  1. wheel
  2. disc
  3. sphere

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative roth rothL roithL
Vocative roith rothL routhuH
Accusative rothN rothL routhuH
Genitive roithL roth rothN
Dative routhL rothaib rothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
roth
also rroth after a proclitic		 roth
pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/		 roth
also rroth after a proclitic
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • “roth” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish roth, from Proto-Celtic t-wheel, chariot, from Proto-Indo-European *Hroth₂os.

Noun

roth m (genitive singular rotha, plural rothan)

  1. wheel
    roth a' mhuilinn ― the mill-wheel
    roth-cartach ― a cart-wheel
    roth mór ― the driving-wheel of spinning-wheel
    eadar na rothan ― between the wheels
  2. rim (of a wheel)
  3. halo
    Tha roth mun ghealaich. ― There is a halo round the moon.

Further reading
  • “roth” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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