shona
See also: Shona
Finnish
Declension
Inflection of shona (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | shona | shonat | |
genitive | shonan | shonien | |
partitive | shonaa | shonia | |
illative | shonaan | shoniin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | shona | shonat | |
accusative | nom. | shona | shonat |
gen. | shonan | ||
genitive | shonan | shonien shonainrare | |
partitive | shonaa | shonia | |
inessive | shonassa | shonissa | |
elative | shonasta | shonista | |
illative | shonaan | shoniin | |
adessive | shonalla | shonilla | |
ablative | shonalta | shonilta | |
allative | shonalle | shonille | |
essive | shonana | shonina | |
translative | shonaksi | shoniksi | |
instructive | — | shonin | |
abessive | shonatta | shonitta | |
comitative | — | shonineen |
Irish
Zulu
Verb
-shona?
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukushona | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukushona | ukungashoni | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | shona | -shone | |||||||
Plural | shonani | -shoneni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyashona, ngishona | engishonayo, engishona | ngishona | angishoni | engingashoni | ngingashoni | |||
2nd singular | uyashona, ushona | oshonayo, oshona | ushona | awushoni | ongashoni | ungashoni | |||
1st plural | siyashona, sishona | esishonayo, esishona | sishona | asishoni | esingashoni | singashoni | |||
2nd plural | niyashona, nishona | enishonayo, enishona | nishona | anishoni | eningashoni | ningashoni | |||
Class 1 | uyashona, ushona | oshonayo, oshona | eshona | akashoni | ongashoni | engashoni | |||
Class 2 | bayashona, bashona | abashonayo, abashona | beshona | abashoni | abangashoni | bengashoni | |||
Class 3 | uyashona, ushona | oshonayo, oshona | ushona | awushoni | ongashoni | ungashoni | |||
Class 4 | iyashona, ishona | eshonayo, eshona | ishona | ayishoni | engashoni | ingashoni | |||
Class 5 | liyashona, lishona | elishonayo, elishona | lishona | alishoni | elingashoni | lingashoni | |||
Class 6 | ayashona, ashona | ashonayo, ashona | eshona | awashoni | angashoni | engashoni | |||
Class 7 | siyashona, sishona | esishonayo, esishona | sishona | asishoni | esingashoni | singashoni | |||
Class 8 | ziyashona, zishona | ezishonayo, ezishona | zishona | azishoni | ezingashoni | zingashoni | |||
Class 9 | iyashona, ishona | eshonayo, eshona | ishona | ayishoni | engashoni | ingashoni | |||
Class 10 | ziyashona, zishona | ezishonayo, ezishona | zishona | azishoni | ezingashoni | zingashoni | |||
Class 11 | luyashona, lushona | olushonayo, olushona | lushona | alushoni | olungashoni | lungashoni | |||
Class 14 | buyashona, bushona | obushonayo, obushona | bushona | abushoni | obungashoni | bungashoni | |||
Class 15 | kuyashona, kushona | okushonayo, okushona | kushona | akushoni | okungashoni | kungashoni | |||
Class 17 | kuyashona, kushona | okushonayo, okushona | kushona | akushoni | okungashoni | kungashoni | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngishonile, ngishonē | engishonile, engishonē | ngishonile, ngishonē | angishonanga | engingashonanga | ngingashonanga | |||
2nd singular | ushonile, ushonē | oshonile, oshonē | ushonile, ushonē | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga | |||
1st plural | sishonile, sishonē | esishonile, esishonē | sishonile, sishonē | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga | |||
2nd plural | nishonile, nishonē | enishonile, enishonē | nishonile, nishonē | anishonanga | eningashonanga | ningashonanga | |||
Class 1 | ushonile, ushonē | oshonile, oshonē | eshonile, eshonē | akashonanga | ongashonanga | engashonanga | |||
Class 2 | bashonile, bashonē | abashonile, abashonē | beshonile, beshonē | abashonanga | abangashonanga | bengashonanga | |||
Class 3 | ushonile, ushonē | oshonile, oshonē | ushonile, ushonē | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga | |||
Class 4 | ishonile, ishonē | eshonile, eshonē | ishonile, ishonē | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga | |||
Class 5 | lishonile, lishonē | elishonile, elishonē | lishonile, lishonē | alishonanga | elingashonanga | lingashonanga | |||
Class 6 | ashonile, ashonē | ashonile, ashonē | eshonile, eshonē | awashonanga | angashonanga | engashonanga | |||
Class 7 | sishonile, sishonē | esishonile, esishonē | sishonile, sishonē | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga | |||
Class 8 | zishonile, zishonē | ezishonile, ezishonē | zishonile, zishonē | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga | |||
Class 9 | ishonile, ishonē | eshonile, eshonē | ishonile, ishonē | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga | |||
Class 10 | zishonile, zishonē | ezishonile, ezishonē | zishonile, zishonē | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga | |||
Class 11 | lushonile, lushonē | olushonile, olushonē | lushonile, lushonē | alushonanga | olungashonanga | lungashonanga | |||
Class 14 | bushonile, bushonē | obushonile, obushonē | bushonile, bushonē | abushonanga | obungashonanga | bungashonanga | |||
Class 15 | kushonile, kushonē | okushonile, okushonē | kushonile, kushonē | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga | |||
Class 17 | kushonile, kushonē | okushonile, okushonē | kushonile, kushonē | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāshona | engāshona | ngāshona | angishonanga | engingashonanga | ngingashonanga | |||
2nd singular | wāshona | owāshona | wāshona | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga | |||
1st plural | sāshona | esāshona | sāshona | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga | |||
2nd plural | nāshona | enāshona | nāshona | anishonanga | eningashonanga | ningashonanga | |||
Class 1 | wāshona | owāshona | āshona | akashonanga | ongashonanga | engashonanga | |||
Class 2 | bāshona | abāshona | bāshona | abashonanga | abangashonanga | bengashonanga | |||
Class 3 | wāshona | owāshona | wāshona | awushonanga | ongashonanga | ungashonanga | |||
Class 4 | yāshona | eyāshona | yāshona | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga | |||
Class 5 | lāshona | elāshona | lāshona | alishonanga | elingashonanga | lingashonanga | |||
Class 6 | āshona | āshona | āshona | awashonanga | angashonanga | engashonanga | |||
Class 7 | sāshona | esāshona | sāshona | asishonanga | esingashonanga | singashonanga | |||
Class 8 | zāshona | ezāshona | zāshona | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga | |||
Class 9 | yāshona | eyāshona | yāshona | ayishonanga | engashonanga | ingashonanga | |||
Class 10 | zāshona | ezāshona | zāshona | azishonanga | ezingashonanga | zingashonanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāshona | olwāshona | lwāshona | alushonanga | olungashonanga | lungashonanga | |||
Class 14 | bāshona | obāshona | bāshona | abushonanga | obungashonanga | bungashonanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāshona | okwāshona | kwāshona | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāshona | okwāshona | kwāshona | akushonanga | okungashonanga | kungashonanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingashona | — | ngingashona | ngingeshone | — | ngingeshone | |||
2nd singular | ungashona | — | ungashona | ungeshone | — | ungeshone | |||
1st plural | singashona | — | singashona | singeshone | — | singeshone | |||
2nd plural | ningashona | — | ningashona | ningeshone | — | ningeshone | |||
Class 1 | angashona | — | engashona | angeshone | — | engeshone | |||
Class 2 | bangashona | — | bengashona | bangeshone | — | bengeshone | |||
Class 3 | ungashona | — | ungashona | ungeshone | — | ungeshone | |||
Class 4 | ingashona | — | ingashona | ingeshone | — | ingeshone | |||
Class 5 | lingashona | — | lingashona | lingeshone | — | lingeshone | |||
Class 6 | angashona | — | engashona | angeshone | — | engeshone | |||
Class 7 | singashona | — | singashona | singeshone | — | singeshone | |||
Class 8 | zingashona | — | zingashona | zingeshone | — | zingeshone | |||
Class 9 | ingashona | — | ingashona | ingeshone | — | ingeshone | |||
Class 10 | zingashona | — | zingashona | zingeshone | — | zingeshone | |||
Class 11 | lungashona | — | lungashona | lungeshone | — | lungeshone | |||
Class 14 | bungashona | — | bungashona | bungeshone | — | bungeshone | |||
Class 15 | kungashona | — | kungashona | kungeshone | — | kungeshone | |||
Class 17 | kungashona | — | kungashona | kungeshone | — | kungeshone | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoshona | engizoshona | ngizoshona | angizushona | engingezushona | ngingezushona | |||
2nd singular | uzoshona | ozoshona | uzoshona | awuzushona | ongezushona | ungezushona | |||
1st plural | sizoshona | esizoshona | sizoshona | asizushona | esingezushona | singezushona | |||
2nd plural | nizoshona | enizoshona | nizoshona | anizushona | eningezushona | ningezushona | |||
Class 1 | uzoshona | ozoshona | ezoshona | akazushona | ongezushona | engezushona | |||
Class 2 | bazoshona | abazoshona | bezoshona | abazushona | abangezushona | bengezushona | |||
Class 3 | uzoshona | ozoshona | uzoshona | awuzushona | ongezushona | ungezushona | |||
Class 4 | izoshona | ezoshona | izoshona | ayizushona | engezushona | ingezushona | |||
Class 5 | lizoshona | elizoshona | lizoshona | alizushona | elingezushona | lingezushona | |||
Class 6 | azoshona | azoshona | ezoshona | awazushona | angezushona | engezushona | |||
Class 7 | sizoshona | esizoshona | sizoshona | asizushona | esingezushona | singezushona | |||
Class 8 | zizoshona | ezizoshona | zizoshona | azizushona | ezingezushona | zingezushona | |||
Class 9 | izoshona | ezoshona | izoshona | ayizushona | engezushona | ingezushona | |||
Class 10 | zizoshona | ezizoshona | zizoshona | azizushona | ezingezushona | zingezushona | |||
Class 11 | luzoshona | oluzoshona | luzoshona | aluzushona | olungezushona | lungezushona | |||
Class 14 | buzoshona | obuzoshona | buzoshona | abuzushona | obungezushona | bungezushona | |||
Class 15 | kuzoshona | okuzoshona | kuzoshona | akuzushona | okungezushona | kungezushona | |||
Class 17 | kuzoshona | okuzoshona | kuzoshona | akuzushona | okungezushona | kungezushona | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoshona | engiyoshona | ngiyoshona | angiyushona | engingeyushona | ngingeyushona | |||
2nd singular | uyoshona | oyoshona | uyoshona | awuyushona | ongeyushona | ungeyushona | |||
1st plural | siyoshona | esiyoshona | siyoshona | asiyushona | esingeyushona | singeyushona | |||
2nd plural | niyoshona | eniyoshona | niyoshona | aniyushona | eningeyushona | ningeyushona | |||
Class 1 | uyoshona | oyoshona | eyoshona | akayushona | ongeyushona | engeyushona | |||
Class 2 | bayoshona | abayoshona | beyoshona | abayushona | abangeyushona | bengeyushona | |||
Class 3 | uyoshona | oyoshona | uyoshona | awuyushona | ongeyushona | ungeyushona | |||
Class 4 | iyoshona | eyoshona | iyoshona | ayiyushona | engeyushona | ingeyushona | |||
Class 5 | liyoshona | eliyoshona | liyoshona | aliyushona | elingeyushona | lingeyushona | |||
Class 6 | ayoshona | ayoshona | eyoshona | awayushona | angeyushona | engeyushona | |||
Class 7 | siyoshona | esiyoshona | siyoshona | asiyushona | esingeyushona | singeyushona | |||
Class 8 | ziyoshona | eziyoshona | ziyoshona | aziyushona | ezingeyushona | zingeyushona | |||
Class 9 | iyoshona | eyoshona | iyoshona | ayiyushona | engeyushona | ingeyushona | |||
Class 10 | ziyoshona | eziyoshona | ziyoshona | aziyushona | ezingeyushona | zingeyushona | |||
Class 11 | luyoshona | oluyoshona | luyoshona | aluyushona | olungeyushona | lungeyushona | |||
Class 14 | buyoshona | obuyoshona | buyoshona | abuyushona | obungeyushona | bungeyushona | |||
Class 15 | kuyoshona | okuyoshona | kuyoshona | akuyushona | okungeyushona | kungeyushona | |||
Class 17 | kuyoshona | okuyoshona | kuyoshona | akuyushona | okungeyushona | kungeyushona | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngishone | ngingashoni | |||||||
2nd singular | ushone | ungashoni | |||||||
1st plural | sishone | singashoni | |||||||
2nd plural | nishone | ningashoni | |||||||
Class 1 | ashone | angashoni | |||||||
Class 2 | bashone | bangashoni | |||||||
Class 3 | ushone | ungashoni | |||||||
Class 4 | ishone | ingashoni | |||||||
Class 5 | lishone | lingashoni | |||||||
Class 6 | ashone | angashoni | |||||||
Class 7 | sishone | singashoni | |||||||
Class 8 | zishone | zingashoni | |||||||
Class 9 | ishone | ingashoni | |||||||
Class 10 | zishone | zingashoni | |||||||
Class 11 | lushone | lungashoni | |||||||
Class 14 | bushone | bungashoni | |||||||
Class 15 | kushone | kungashoni | |||||||
Class 17 | kushone | kungashoni | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngashona | ngangashona, angashona, angangashona | |||||||
2nd singular | washona | wangashona, awashona, awangashona | |||||||
1st plural | sashona | sangashona, asashona, asangashona | |||||||
2nd plural | nashona | nangashona, anashona, anangashona | |||||||
Class 1 | washona | wangashona, akashona, akangashona | |||||||
Class 2 | bashona | bangashona, abashona, abangashona | |||||||
Class 3 | washona | wangashona, awashona, awangashona | |||||||
Class 4 | yashona | yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona | |||||||
Class 5 | lashona | langashona, alashona, alangashona | |||||||
Class 6 | ashona | angashona, awashona, awangashona | |||||||
Class 7 | sashona | sangashona, asashona, asangashona | |||||||
Class 8 | zashona | zangashona, azashona, azangashona | |||||||
Class 9 | yashona | yangashona, ayashona, ayangashona | |||||||
Class 10 | zashona | zangashona, azashona, azangashona | |||||||
Class 11 | lwashona | lwangashona, alwashona, alwangashona | |||||||
Class 14 | bashona | bangashona, abashona, abangashona | |||||||
Class 15 | kwashona | kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona | |||||||
Class 17 | kwashona | kwangashona, akwashona, akwangashona |
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “shona”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shona (3-8.9)”
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