turris

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis), likely ultimately a Mediterranean substrate loan.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtur.ris/, [ˈtʊr.rɪs]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtur.ris/

Noun

turris f (genitive turris); third declension

tower
(Later Latin, chess) a rook

Inflection

Third declension, alternative accusative singular in -im, alternative ablative singular in -ī and accusative plural in -īs.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	turris	turrēs
Genitive	turris	turrium
Dative	turrī	turribus
Accusative	turrem turrim	turrēs turrīs
Ablative	turre turrī	turribus
Vocative	turris	turrēs

Derived terms

turrītus
interturrium

Descendants

Emilian: tårr
Italian: torre
Lombard: torr [tor, tur]
Navarro-Aragonese: [Term?]
- Aragonese: torre
Old French: tor, tur, tour, toer
- Middle French: tour
  - French: tour
    - → Breton: tour
    - → Russian: тура (tura)
    - → Ukrainian: тура (tura)
- Walloon: tour
- → Middle Low German: tōrn, tōren
  - German Low German: Toorn, Toren
  - → Estonian: torn
  - → Latvian: tornis
  - → Old Norse: turn
    - Danish: tårn
    - Faroese: torn
    - Icelandic: turn
    - Norwegian: tårn
      - → Northern Sami: toardna
    - Swedish: torn
      - → Finnish: torni
- → Old Dutch: turn
  - Middle Dutch: torre
    - Dutch: toren
      - Afrikaans: toring
    - Limburgish: toeare
    - West Flemish: torre
- → Old English: torr, tūr, tor
  - Middle English: tour, tur, tor
    - English: tower
      - → German: Tower
      - → Hindi: टावर (ṭāvar)
      - → Japanese: タワー (tawā)
      - → Korean: 타워 (tawo)
      - → Punjabi: ਟਾਵਰ (ṭāvr)
    - Scots: tour, towr
- → Old Frisian: torn
  - West Frisian: toer
- → Old High German: torn
  - Middle High German: turn, turm
    - Alemannic German: Durm
    - Bavarian: Tuam
    - Luxembourgish: Tur
    - German: Turm
      - → Lower Sorbian: torm
      - → Luxembourgish: Tuerm
      - → Romanian: turn
    - Yiddish: טורעם‎ (turem)
    - → Polish: turma
- Irish: túr
- Scottish Gaelic: tùr
Old Leonese: [Term?]
- Asturian: torre
Old Occitan: torre
- Catalan: torre
- Occitan: torre
Old Portuguese: torre
- Galician: torre
- Portuguese: torre
  - → Kinikinao: torre
Old Spanish: torre
- Spanish: torre
  - → Basque: dorre
  - → Ilocano: torre
  - → Quechua: turri
  - → Tagalog: tore
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Romansch: tor, tur, tuor
Sicilian: turri
- → Maltese: torri
Venetian: tor, tore
→ Celtic: [Term?]
- Brythonic: [Term?]
  - Cornish: tor
  - Old Welsh: *tor
    - Welsh: tŵr
- Old Irish: [Term?]
  - Irish: tor
- → Old English: tor, torr
  - Middle English: tor
    - English: tor
→ Alemannic German: Tuure (via some Romance language)
→ Hungarian: torony (via some Slavic langauge)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: то́рањ
  Latin: tóranj

References

turris in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
turris in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
turris in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
turris in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to build a tower: turrim excitare, erigere, facere
- to raise towers: turres instituere, exstruere
turris in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
turris in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
turris in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
New Latin Grammar, Allen and Greenough, 1902.

Chess pieces in Latin · latrunculi, milites scaccorum (layout · text)

rex	regina	turris	episcopus	eques	pedes