umerus

Latin

Alternative forms

humerus (rare in Classical texts)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émsos (“shoulder”) by rhotacism and vowel anaptyxis -ms- > -mer-. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos), Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu.me.rus/, [ˈʊ.mɛ.rʊs]

Noun

umerus m (genitive umerī); second declension

(anatomy) the humerus bone
shoulder (especially of a human)
back, ridge, such as of a mountain

Inflection

Second declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	umerus	umerī
Genitive	umerī	umerōrum
Dative	umerō	umerīs
Accusative	umerum	umerōs
Ablative	umerō	umerīs
Vocative	umere	umerī

Descendants

Aromanian: anumir, numir, umir
Asturian: hombru
Catalan: húmer (borrowing)
English: humerus (borrowing)
French: humérus (borrowing)
Galician: ombro, ombreiro, úmero (borrowing)

Italian: omero
Old Portuguese: ombro
Portuguese: ombro, úmero (borrowing)
Romanian: umăr, humerus (borrowing)
Spanish: hombro, húmero (borrowing)

References

umerus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
umerus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
umerus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

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