vula
See also: vulà
Fijian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.
Noun
vula
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgʊda.
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuvula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuvula | ukungavuli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | vula | -vule | |||||||
Plural | vulani | -vuleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyavula, ngivula | engivulayo, engivula | ngivula | angivuli | engingavuli | ngingavuli | |||
2nd singular | uyavula, uvula | ovulayo, ovula | uvula | awuvuli | ongavuli | ungavuli | |||
1st plural | siyavula, sivula | esivulayo, esivula | sivula | asivuli | esingavuli | singavuli | |||
2nd plural | niyavula, nivula | enivulayo, enivula | nivula | anivuli | eningavuli | ningavuli | |||
Class 1 | uyavula, uvula | ovulayo, ovula | evula | akavuli | ongavuli | engavuli | |||
Class 2 | bayavula, bavula | abavulayo, abavula | bevula | abavuli | abangavuli | bengavuli | |||
Class 3 | uyavula, uvula | ovulayo, ovula | uvula | awuvuli | ongavuli | ungavuli | |||
Class 4 | iyavula, ivula | evulayo, evula | ivula | ayivuli | engavuli | ingavuli | |||
Class 5 | liyavula, livula | elivulayo, elivula | livula | alivuli | elingavuli | lingavuli | |||
Class 6 | ayavula, avula | avulayo, avula | evula | awavuli | angavuli | engavuli | |||
Class 7 | siyavula, sivula | esivulayo, esivula | sivula | asivuli | esingavuli | singavuli | |||
Class 8 | ziyavula, zivula | ezivulayo, ezivula | zivula | azivuli | ezingavuli | zingavuli | |||
Class 9 | iyavula, ivula | evulayo, evula | ivula | ayivuli | engavuli | ingavuli | |||
Class 10 | ziyavula, zivula | ezivulayo, ezivula | zivula | azivuli | ezingavuli | zingavuli | |||
Class 11 | luyavula, luvula | oluvulayo, oluvula | luvula | aluvuli | olungavuli | lungavuli | |||
Class 14 | buyavula, buvula | obuvulayo, obuvula | buvula | abuvuli | obungavuli | bungavuli | |||
Class 15 | kuyavula, kuvula | okuvulayo, okuvula | kuvula | akuvuli | okungavuli | kungavuli | |||
Class 17 | kuyavula, kuvula | okuvulayo, okuvula | kuvula | akuvuli | okungavuli | kungavuli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngivulile, ngivulē | engivulile, engivulē | ngivulile, ngivulē | angivulanga | engingavulanga | ngingavulanga | |||
2nd singular | uvulile, uvulē | ovulile, ovulē | uvulile, uvulē | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga | |||
1st plural | sivulile, sivulē | esivulile, esivulē | sivulile, sivulē | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga | |||
2nd plural | nivulile, nivulē | enivulile, enivulē | nivulile, nivulē | anivulanga | eningavulanga | ningavulanga | |||
Class 1 | uvulile, uvulē | ovulile, ovulē | evulile, evulē | akavulanga | ongavulanga | engavulanga | |||
Class 2 | bavulile, bavulē | abavulile, abavulē | bevulile, bevulē | abavulanga | abangavulanga | bengavulanga | |||
Class 3 | uvulile, uvulē | ovulile, ovulē | uvulile, uvulē | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga | |||
Class 4 | ivulile, ivulē | evulile, evulē | ivulile, ivulē | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga | |||
Class 5 | livulile, livulē | elivulile, elivulē | livulile, livulē | alivulanga | elingavulanga | lingavulanga | |||
Class 6 | avulile, avulē | avulile, avulē | evulile, evulē | awavulanga | angavulanga | engavulanga | |||
Class 7 | sivulile, sivulē | esivulile, esivulē | sivulile, sivulē | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga | |||
Class 8 | zivulile, zivulē | ezivulile, ezivulē | zivulile, zivulē | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga | |||
Class 9 | ivulile, ivulē | evulile, evulē | ivulile, ivulē | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga | |||
Class 10 | zivulile, zivulē | ezivulile, ezivulē | zivulile, zivulē | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga | |||
Class 11 | luvulile, luvulē | oluvulile, oluvulē | luvulile, luvulē | aluvulanga | olungavulanga | lungavulanga | |||
Class 14 | buvulile, buvulē | obuvulile, obuvulē | buvulile, buvulē | abuvulanga | obungavulanga | bungavulanga | |||
Class 15 | kuvulile, kuvulē | okuvulile, okuvulē | kuvulile, kuvulē | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga | |||
Class 17 | kuvulile, kuvulē | okuvulile, okuvulē | kuvulile, kuvulē | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāvula | engāvula | ngāvula | angivulanga | engingavulanga | ngingavulanga | |||
2nd singular | wāvula | owāvula | wāvula | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga | |||
1st plural | sāvula | esāvula | sāvula | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga | |||
2nd plural | nāvula | enāvula | nāvula | anivulanga | eningavulanga | ningavulanga | |||
Class 1 | wāvula | owāvula | āvula | akavulanga | ongavulanga | engavulanga | |||
Class 2 | bāvula | abāvula | bāvula | abavulanga | abangavulanga | bengavulanga | |||
Class 3 | wāvula | owāvula | wāvula | awuvulanga | ongavulanga | ungavulanga | |||
Class 4 | yāvula | eyāvula | yāvula | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga | |||
Class 5 | lāvula | elāvula | lāvula | alivulanga | elingavulanga | lingavulanga | |||
Class 6 | āvula | āvula | āvula | awavulanga | angavulanga | engavulanga | |||
Class 7 | sāvula | esāvula | sāvula | asivulanga | esingavulanga | singavulanga | |||
Class 8 | zāvula | ezāvula | zāvula | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga | |||
Class 9 | yāvula | eyāvula | yāvula | ayivulanga | engavulanga | ingavulanga | |||
Class 10 | zāvula | ezāvula | zāvula | azivulanga | ezingavulanga | zingavulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāvula | olwāvula | lwāvula | aluvulanga | olungavulanga | lungavulanga | |||
Class 14 | bāvula | obāvula | bāvula | abuvulanga | obungavulanga | bungavulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāvula | okwāvula | kwāvula | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāvula | okwāvula | kwāvula | akuvulanga | okungavulanga | kungavulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingavula | — | ngingavula | ngingevule | — | ngingevule | |||
2nd singular | ungavula | — | ungavula | ungevule | — | ungevule | |||
1st plural | singavula | — | singavula | singevule | — | singevule | |||
2nd plural | ningavula | — | ningavula | ningevule | — | ningevule | |||
Class 1 | angavula | — | engavula | angevule | — | engevule | |||
Class 2 | bangavula | — | bengavula | bangevule | — | bengevule | |||
Class 3 | ungavula | — | ungavula | ungevule | — | ungevule | |||
Class 4 | ingavula | — | ingavula | ingevule | — | ingevule | |||
Class 5 | lingavula | — | lingavula | lingevule | — | lingevule | |||
Class 6 | angavula | — | engavula | angevule | — | engevule | |||
Class 7 | singavula | — | singavula | singevule | — | singevule | |||
Class 8 | zingavula | — | zingavula | zingevule | — | zingevule | |||
Class 9 | ingavula | — | ingavula | ingevule | — | ingevule | |||
Class 10 | zingavula | — | zingavula | zingevule | — | zingevule | |||
Class 11 | lungavula | — | lungavula | lungevule | — | lungevule | |||
Class 14 | bungavula | — | bungavula | bungevule | — | bungevule | |||
Class 15 | kungavula | — | kungavula | kungevule | — | kungevule | |||
Class 17 | kungavula | — | kungavula | kungevule | — | kungevule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizovula | engizovula | ngizovula | angizuvula | engingezuvula | ngingezuvula | |||
2nd singular | uzovula | ozovula | uzovula | awuzuvula | ongezuvula | ungezuvula | |||
1st plural | sizovula | esizovula | sizovula | asizuvula | esingezuvula | singezuvula | |||
2nd plural | nizovula | enizovula | nizovula | anizuvula | eningezuvula | ningezuvula | |||
Class 1 | uzovula | ozovula | ezovula | akazuvula | ongezuvula | engezuvula | |||
Class 2 | bazovula | abazovula | bezovula | abazuvula | abangezuvula | bengezuvula | |||
Class 3 | uzovula | ozovula | uzovula | awuzuvula | ongezuvula | ungezuvula | |||
Class 4 | izovula | ezovula | izovula | ayizuvula | engezuvula | ingezuvula | |||
Class 5 | lizovula | elizovula | lizovula | alizuvula | elingezuvula | lingezuvula | |||
Class 6 | azovula | azovula | ezovula | awazuvula | angezuvula | engezuvula | |||
Class 7 | sizovula | esizovula | sizovula | asizuvula | esingezuvula | singezuvula | |||
Class 8 | zizovula | ezizovula | zizovula | azizuvula | ezingezuvula | zingezuvula | |||
Class 9 | izovula | ezovula | izovula | ayizuvula | engezuvula | ingezuvula | |||
Class 10 | zizovula | ezizovula | zizovula | azizuvula | ezingezuvula | zingezuvula | |||
Class 11 | luzovula | oluzovula | luzovula | aluzuvula | olungezuvula | lungezuvula | |||
Class 14 | buzovula | obuzovula | buzovula | abuzuvula | obungezuvula | bungezuvula | |||
Class 15 | kuzovula | okuzovula | kuzovula | akuzuvula | okungezuvula | kungezuvula | |||
Class 17 | kuzovula | okuzovula | kuzovula | akuzuvula | okungezuvula | kungezuvula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyovula | engiyovula | ngiyovula | angiyuvula | engingeyuvula | ngingeyuvula | |||
2nd singular | uyovula | oyovula | uyovula | awuyuvula | ongeyuvula | ungeyuvula | |||
1st plural | siyovula | esiyovula | siyovula | asiyuvula | esingeyuvula | singeyuvula | |||
2nd plural | niyovula | eniyovula | niyovula | aniyuvula | eningeyuvula | ningeyuvula | |||
Class 1 | uyovula | oyovula | eyovula | akayuvula | ongeyuvula | engeyuvula | |||
Class 2 | bayovula | abayovula | beyovula | abayuvula | abangeyuvula | bengeyuvula | |||
Class 3 | uyovula | oyovula | uyovula | awuyuvula | ongeyuvula | ungeyuvula | |||
Class 4 | iyovula | eyovula | iyovula | ayiyuvula | engeyuvula | ingeyuvula | |||
Class 5 | liyovula | eliyovula | liyovula | aliyuvula | elingeyuvula | lingeyuvula | |||
Class 6 | ayovula | ayovula | eyovula | awayuvula | angeyuvula | engeyuvula | |||
Class 7 | siyovula | esiyovula | siyovula | asiyuvula | esingeyuvula | singeyuvula | |||
Class 8 | ziyovula | eziyovula | ziyovula | aziyuvula | ezingeyuvula | zingeyuvula | |||
Class 9 | iyovula | eyovula | iyovula | ayiyuvula | engeyuvula | ingeyuvula | |||
Class 10 | ziyovula | eziyovula | ziyovula | aziyuvula | ezingeyuvula | zingeyuvula | |||
Class 11 | luyovula | oluyovula | luyovula | aluyuvula | olungeyuvula | lungeyuvula | |||
Class 14 | buyovula | obuyovula | buyovula | abuyuvula | obungeyuvula | bungeyuvula | |||
Class 15 | kuyovula | okuyovula | kuyovula | akuyuvula | okungeyuvula | kungeyuvula | |||
Class 17 | kuyovula | okuyovula | kuyovula | akuyuvula | okungeyuvula | kungeyuvula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngivule | ngingavuli | |||||||
2nd singular | uvule | ungavuli | |||||||
1st plural | sivule | singavuli | |||||||
2nd plural | nivule | ningavuli | |||||||
Class 1 | avule | angavuli | |||||||
Class 2 | bavule | bangavuli | |||||||
Class 3 | uvule | ungavuli | |||||||
Class 4 | ivule | ingavuli | |||||||
Class 5 | livule | lingavuli | |||||||
Class 6 | avule | angavuli | |||||||
Class 7 | sivule | singavuli | |||||||
Class 8 | zivule | zingavuli | |||||||
Class 9 | ivule | ingavuli | |||||||
Class 10 | zivule | zingavuli | |||||||
Class 11 | luvule | lungavuli | |||||||
Class 14 | buvule | bungavuli | |||||||
Class 15 | kuvule | kungavuli | |||||||
Class 17 | kuvule | kungavuli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngavula | ngangavula, angavula, angangavula | |||||||
2nd singular | wavula | wangavula, awavula, awangavula | |||||||
1st plural | savula | sangavula, asavula, asangavula | |||||||
2nd plural | navula | nangavula, anavula, anangavula | |||||||
Class 1 | wavula | wangavula, akavula, akangavula | |||||||
Class 2 | bavula | bangavula, abavula, abangavula | |||||||
Class 3 | wavula | wangavula, awavula, awangavula | |||||||
Class 4 | yavula | yangavula, ayavula, ayangavula | |||||||
Class 5 | lavula | langavula, alavula, alangavula | |||||||
Class 6 | avula | angavula, awavula, awangavula | |||||||
Class 7 | savula | sangavula, asavula, asangavula | |||||||
Class 8 | zavula | zangavula, azavula, azangavula | |||||||
Class 9 | yavula | yangavula, ayavula, ayangavula | |||||||
Class 10 | zavula | zangavula, azavula, azangavula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwavula | lwangavula, alwavula, alwangavula | |||||||
Class 14 | bavula | bangavula, abavula, abangavula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwavula | kwangavula, akwavula, akwangavula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwavula | kwangavula, akwavula, akwangavula |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “vula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vula (6.3)”
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