ws

See also: WS, Ws, ws., w's, .ws, and W's

English

Noun

ws

  1. plural of w

Usage notes
  • There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

Anagrams

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to lack [since the 22nd Dynasty]
    1. (with m) to lack (something)
  2. to withhold, to leave without [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection
Conjugation of ws (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ws, geminated stem: wss
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ws
 wsw, ws
 wst
 ws, j.ws
 ws, j.ws
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ws
 ḥr ws
 m ws
 r ws
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ws.n
 wsw, ws
 consecutive ws.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative wst
perfective3 ws
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative ws.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ws, j.ws1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ws
 wss
 potentialis ws.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ws, j.ws1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ws.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ws
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ws
 wss, wssj6, ws2, wsw2 5, wsy2 5
imperfective j.ws1, ws, wsy, wsw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.ws1, j.wsw1 5, ws, wsj6, wsy6
 ws, wsw5
prospective ws, wstj7
 — wstj4, wst4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ws  


ws ws ws
[Late Period]

Derived terms
  • jrj ws m
  • n ws

Noun

 m

  1. (only used in the phrase pr-m-ws) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. height (of a pyramid)
    2. crack or some other reference point from which the height of a pyramid is measured

Inflection
Declension of ws (masculine)
singular ws
dual wswj
plural wsw

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
  • Vafea, Flora (2002) The Mathematics of Pyramid Construction in Ancient Egypt.
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