zwa
See also: zwą
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-jígua.
Verb
-́zwa
Inflection
Tone H, latent i | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuzwa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuzwa | ukungezwa | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yizwa | -zwe | |||||||
Plural | yizwani | -zweni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyezwa, ngizwa | engizwayo, engizwa | ngizwa | angizwa | engingezwa | ngingezwa | |||
2nd singular | uyezwa, uzwa | ozwayo, ozwa | uzwa | awuzwa | ongezwa | ungezwa | |||
1st plural | siyezwa, sizwa | esizwayo, esizwa | sizwa | asizwa | esingezwa | singezwa | |||
2nd plural | niyezwa, nizwa | enizwayo, enizwa | nizwa | anizwa | eningezwa | ningezwa | |||
Class 1 | uyezwa, uzwa | ozwayo, ozwa | ezwa | akezwa | ongezwa | engezwa | |||
Class 2 | bayezwa, bezwa | abezwayo, abezwa | bezwa | abezwa | abangezwa | bengezwa | |||
Class 3 | uyezwa, uzwa | ozwayo, ozwa | uzwa | awuzwa | ongezwa | ungezwa | |||
Class 4 | iyezwa, izwa | ezwayo, ezwa | izwa | ayizwa | engezwa | ingezwa | |||
Class 5 | liyezwa, lizwa | elizwayo, elizwa | lizwa | alizwa | elingezwa | lingezwa | |||
Class 6 | ayezwa, ezwa | ezwayo, ezwa | ezwa | awezwa | angezwa | engezwa | |||
Class 7 | siyezwa, sizwa | esizwayo, esizwa | sizwa | asizwa | esingezwa | singezwa | |||
Class 8 | ziyezwa, zizwa | ezizwayo, ezizwa | zizwa | azizwa | ezingezwa | zingezwa | |||
Class 9 | iyezwa, izwa | ezwayo, ezwa | izwa | ayizwa | engezwa | ingezwa | |||
Class 10 | ziyezwa, zizwa | ezizwayo, ezizwa | zizwa | azizwa | ezingezwa | zingezwa | |||
Class 11 | luyezwa, luzwa | oluzwayo, oluzwa | luzwa | aluzwa | olungezwa | lungezwa | |||
Class 14 | buyezwa, buzwa | obuzwayo, obuzwa | buzwa | abuzwa | obungezwa | bungezwa | |||
Class 15 | kuyezwa, kuzwa | okuzwayo, okuzwa | kuzwa | akuzwa | okungezwa | kungezwa | |||
Class 17 | kuyezwa, kuzwa | okuzwayo, okuzwa | kuzwa | akuzwa | okungezwa | kungezwa | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizwile, ngizwē | engizwile, engizwē | ngizwile, ngizwē | angizwanga | engingezwanga | ngingezwanga | |||
2nd singular | uzwile, uzwē | ozwile, ozwē | uzwile, uzwē | awuzwanga | ongezwanga | ungezwanga | |||
1st plural | sizwile, sizwē | esizwile, esizwē | sizwile, sizwē | asizwanga | esingezwanga | singezwanga | |||
2nd plural | nizwile, nizwē | enizwile, enizwē | nizwile, nizwē | anizwanga | eningezwanga | ningezwanga | |||
Class 1 | uzwile, uzwē | ozwile, ozwē | ezwile, ezwē | akezwanga | ongezwanga | engezwanga | |||
Class 2 | bezwile, bezwē | abezwile, abezwē | bezwile, bezwē | abezwanga | abangezwanga | bengezwanga | |||
Class 3 | uzwile, uzwē | ozwile, ozwē | uzwile, uzwē | awuzwanga | ongezwanga | ungezwanga | |||
Class 4 | izwile, izwē | ezwile, ezwē | izwile, izwē | ayizwanga | engezwanga | ingezwanga | |||
Class 5 | lizwile, lizwē | elizwile, elizwē | lizwile, lizwē | alizwanga | elingezwanga | lingezwanga | |||
Class 6 | ezwile, ezwē | ezwile, ezwē | ezwile, ezwē | awezwanga | angezwanga | engezwanga | |||
Class 7 | sizwile, sizwē | esizwile, esizwē | sizwile, sizwē | asizwanga | esingezwanga | singezwanga | |||
Class 8 | zizwile, zizwē | ezizwile, ezizwē | zizwile, zizwē | azizwanga | ezingezwanga | zingezwanga | |||
Class 9 | izwile, izwē | ezwile, ezwē | izwile, izwē | ayizwanga | engezwanga | ingezwanga | |||
Class 10 | zizwile, zizwē | ezizwile, ezizwē | zizwile, zizwē | azizwanga | ezingezwanga | zingezwanga | |||
Class 11 | luzwile, luzwē | oluzwile, oluzwē | luzwile, luzwē | aluzwanga | olungezwanga | lungezwanga | |||
Class 14 | buzwile, buzwē | obuzwile, obuzwē | buzwile, buzwē | abuzwanga | obungezwanga | bungezwanga | |||
Class 15 | kuzwile, kuzwē | okuzwile, okuzwē | kuzwile, kuzwē | akuzwanga | okungezwanga | kungezwanga | |||
Class 17 | kuzwile, kuzwē | okuzwile, okuzwē | kuzwile, kuzwē | akuzwanga | okungezwanga | kungezwanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāzwa | engāzwa | ngāzwa | angizwanga | engingezwanga | ngingezwanga | |||
2nd singular | wāzwa | owāzwa | wāzwa | awuzwanga | ongezwanga | ungezwanga | |||
1st plural | sāzwa | esāzwa | sāzwa | asizwanga | esingezwanga | singezwanga | |||
2nd plural | nāzwa | enāzwa | nāzwa | anizwanga | eningezwanga | ningezwanga | |||
Class 1 | wāzwa | owāzwa | āzwa | akezwanga | ongezwanga | engezwanga | |||
Class 2 | bāzwa | abāzwa | bāzwa | abezwanga | abangezwanga | bengezwanga | |||
Class 3 | wāzwa | owāzwa | wāzwa | awuzwanga | ongezwanga | ungezwanga | |||
Class 4 | yāzwa | eyāzwa | yāzwa | ayizwanga | engezwanga | ingezwanga | |||
Class 5 | lāzwa | elāzwa | lāzwa | alizwanga | elingezwanga | lingezwanga | |||
Class 6 | āzwa | āzwa | āzwa | awezwanga | angezwanga | engezwanga | |||
Class 7 | sāzwa | esāzwa | sāzwa | asizwanga | esingezwanga | singezwanga | |||
Class 8 | zāzwa | ezāzwa | zāzwa | azizwanga | ezingezwanga | zingezwanga | |||
Class 9 | yāzwa | eyāzwa | yāzwa | ayizwanga | engezwanga | ingezwanga | |||
Class 10 | zāzwa | ezāzwa | zāzwa | azizwanga | ezingezwanga | zingezwanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāzwa | olwāzwa | lwāzwa | aluzwanga | olungezwanga | lungezwanga | |||
Class 14 | bāzwa | obāzwa | bāzwa | abuzwanga | obungezwanga | bungezwanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāzwa | okwāzwa | kwāzwa | akuzwanga | okungezwanga | kungezwanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāzwa | okwāzwa | kwāzwa | akuzwanga | okungezwanga | kungezwanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingezwa | — | ngingezwa | ngingezwe | — | ngingezwe | |||
2nd singular | ungezwa | — | ungezwa | ungezwe | — | ungezwe | |||
1st plural | singezwa | — | singezwa | singezwe | — | singezwe | |||
2nd plural | ningezwa | — | ningezwa | ningezwe | — | ningezwe | |||
Class 1 | angezwa | — | engezwa | angezwe | — | engezwe | |||
Class 2 | bangezwa | — | bengezwa | bangezwe | — | bengezwe | |||
Class 3 | ungezwa | — | ungezwa | ungezwe | — | ungezwe | |||
Class 4 | ingezwa | — | ingezwa | ingezwe | — | ingezwe | |||
Class 5 | lingezwa | — | lingezwa | lingezwe | — | lingezwe | |||
Class 6 | angezwa | — | engezwa | angezwe | — | engezwe | |||
Class 7 | singezwa | — | singezwa | singezwe | — | singezwe | |||
Class 8 | zingezwa | — | zingezwa | zingezwe | — | zingezwe | |||
Class 9 | ingezwa | — | ingezwa | ingezwe | — | ingezwe | |||
Class 10 | zingezwa | — | zingezwa | zingezwe | — | zingezwe | |||
Class 11 | lungezwa | — | lungezwa | lungezwe | — | lungezwe | |||
Class 14 | bungezwa | — | bungezwa | bungezwe | — | bungezwe | |||
Class 15 | kungezwa | — | kungezwa | kungezwe | — | kungezwe | |||
Class 17 | kungezwa | — | kungezwa | kungezwe | — | kungezwe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokuzwa | engizokuzwa | ngizokuzwa | angizukuzwa | engingezukuzwa | ngingezukuzwa | |||
2nd singular | uzokuzwa | ozokuzwa | uzokuzwa | awuzukuzwa | ongezukuzwa | ungezukuzwa | |||
1st plural | sizokuzwa | esizokuzwa | sizokuzwa | asizukuzwa | esingezukuzwa | singezukuzwa | |||
2nd plural | nizokuzwa | enizokuzwa | nizokuzwa | anizukuzwa | eningezukuzwa | ningezukuzwa | |||
Class 1 | uzokuzwa | ozokuzwa | ezokuzwa | akazukuzwa | ongezukuzwa | engezukuzwa | |||
Class 2 | bazokuzwa | abazokuzwa | bezokuzwa | abazukuzwa | abangezukuzwa | bengezukuzwa | |||
Class 3 | uzokuzwa | ozokuzwa | uzokuzwa | awuzukuzwa | ongezukuzwa | ungezukuzwa | |||
Class 4 | izokuzwa | ezokuzwa | izokuzwa | ayizukuzwa | engezukuzwa | ingezukuzwa | |||
Class 5 | lizokuzwa | elizokuzwa | lizokuzwa | alizukuzwa | elingezukuzwa | lingezukuzwa | |||
Class 6 | azokuzwa | azokuzwa | ezokuzwa | awazukuzwa | angezukuzwa | engezukuzwa | |||
Class 7 | sizokuzwa | esizokuzwa | sizokuzwa | asizukuzwa | esingezukuzwa | singezukuzwa | |||
Class 8 | zizokuzwa | ezizokuzwa | zizokuzwa | azizukuzwa | ezingezukuzwa | zingezukuzwa | |||
Class 9 | izokuzwa | ezokuzwa | izokuzwa | ayizukuzwa | engezukuzwa | ingezukuzwa | |||
Class 10 | zizokuzwa | ezizokuzwa | zizokuzwa | azizukuzwa | ezingezukuzwa | zingezukuzwa | |||
Class 11 | luzokuzwa | oluzokuzwa | luzokuzwa | aluzukuzwa | olungezukuzwa | lungezukuzwa | |||
Class 14 | buzokuzwa | obuzokuzwa | buzokuzwa | abuzukuzwa | obungezukuzwa | bungezukuzwa | |||
Class 15 | kuzokuzwa | okuzokuzwa | kuzokuzwa | akuzukuzwa | okungezukuzwa | kungezukuzwa | |||
Class 17 | kuzokuzwa | okuzokuzwa | kuzokuzwa | akuzukuzwa | okungezukuzwa | kungezukuzwa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokuzwa | engiyokuzwa | ngiyokuzwa | angiyukuzwa | engingeyukuzwa | ngingeyukuzwa | |||
2nd singular | uyokuzwa | oyokuzwa | uyokuzwa | awuyukuzwa | ongeyukuzwa | ungeyukuzwa | |||
1st plural | siyokuzwa | esiyokuzwa | siyokuzwa | asiyukuzwa | esingeyukuzwa | singeyukuzwa | |||
2nd plural | niyokuzwa | eniyokuzwa | niyokuzwa | aniyukuzwa | eningeyukuzwa | ningeyukuzwa | |||
Class 1 | uyokuzwa | oyokuzwa | eyokuzwa | akayukuzwa | ongeyukuzwa | engeyukuzwa | |||
Class 2 | bayokuzwa | abayokuzwa | beyokuzwa | abayukuzwa | abangeyukuzwa | bengeyukuzwa | |||
Class 3 | uyokuzwa | oyokuzwa | uyokuzwa | awuyukuzwa | ongeyukuzwa | ungeyukuzwa | |||
Class 4 | iyokuzwa | eyokuzwa | iyokuzwa | ayiyukuzwa | engeyukuzwa | ingeyukuzwa | |||
Class 5 | liyokuzwa | eliyokuzwa | liyokuzwa | aliyukuzwa | elingeyukuzwa | lingeyukuzwa | |||
Class 6 | ayokuzwa | ayokuzwa | eyokuzwa | awayukuzwa | angeyukuzwa | engeyukuzwa | |||
Class 7 | siyokuzwa | esiyokuzwa | siyokuzwa | asiyukuzwa | esingeyukuzwa | singeyukuzwa | |||
Class 8 | ziyokuzwa | eziyokuzwa | ziyokuzwa | aziyukuzwa | ezingeyukuzwa | zingeyukuzwa | |||
Class 9 | iyokuzwa | eyokuzwa | iyokuzwa | ayiyukuzwa | engeyukuzwa | ingeyukuzwa | |||
Class 10 | ziyokuzwa | eziyokuzwa | ziyokuzwa | aziyukuzwa | ezingeyukuzwa | zingeyukuzwa | |||
Class 11 | luyokuzwa | oluyokuzwa | luyokuzwa | aluyukuzwa | olungeyukuzwa | lungeyukuzwa | |||
Class 14 | buyokuzwa | obuyokuzwa | buyokuzwa | abuyukuzwa | obungeyukuzwa | bungeyukuzwa | |||
Class 15 | kuyokuzwa | okuyokuzwa | kuyokuzwa | akuyukuzwa | okungeyukuzwa | kungeyukuzwa | |||
Class 17 | kuyokuzwa | okuyokuzwa | kuyokuzwa | akuyukuzwa | okungeyukuzwa | kungeyukuzwa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngizwe | ngingezwa | |||||||
2nd singular | uzwe | ungezwa | |||||||
1st plural | sizwe | singezwa | |||||||
2nd plural | nizwe | ningezwa | |||||||
Class 1 | ezwe | angezwa | |||||||
Class 2 | bezwe | bangezwa | |||||||
Class 3 | uzwe | ungezwa | |||||||
Class 4 | izwe | ingezwa | |||||||
Class 5 | lizwe | lingezwa | |||||||
Class 6 | ezwe | angezwa | |||||||
Class 7 | sizwe | singezwa | |||||||
Class 8 | zizwe | zingezwa | |||||||
Class 9 | izwe | ingezwa | |||||||
Class 10 | zizwe | zingezwa | |||||||
Class 11 | luzwe | lungezwa | |||||||
Class 14 | buzwe | bungezwa | |||||||
Class 15 | kuzwe | kungezwa | |||||||
Class 17 | kuzwe | kungezwa | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngezwa | ngangezwa, angezwa, angangezwa | |||||||
2nd singular | wezwa | wangezwa, awezwa, awangezwa | |||||||
1st plural | sezwa | sangezwa, asezwa, asangezwa | |||||||
2nd plural | nezwa | nangezwa, anezwa, anangezwa | |||||||
Class 1 | wezwa | wangezwa, akezwa, akangezwa | |||||||
Class 2 | bezwa | bangezwa, abezwa, abangezwa | |||||||
Class 3 | wezwa | wangezwa, awezwa, awangezwa | |||||||
Class 4 | yezwa | yangezwa, ayezwa, ayangezwa | |||||||
Class 5 | lezwa | langezwa, alezwa, alangezwa | |||||||
Class 6 | ezwa | angezwa, awezwa, awangezwa | |||||||
Class 7 | sezwa | sangezwa, asezwa, asangezwa | |||||||
Class 8 | zezwa | zangezwa, azezwa, azangezwa | |||||||
Class 9 | yezwa | yangezwa, ayezwa, ayangezwa | |||||||
Class 10 | zezwa | zangezwa, azezwa, azangezwa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwezwa | lwangezwa, alwezwa, alwangezwa | |||||||
Class 14 | bezwa | bangezwa, abezwa, abangezwa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwezwa | kwangezwa, akwezwa, akwangezwa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwezwa | kwangezwa, akwezwa, akwangezwa |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “zwa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “zwa”
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