Aach, Baden-Württemberg

Aach (German pronunciation: [ˈaːx] ) is a small town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg (the region of Hegau). Being situated close to Lake Constance and the Swiss border, it is mostly known for the Aachtopf — Germany's biggest natural spring in terms of production. The town was originally twinned with the region of Colmnitz, but following the integration of Colmnitz into Klingenberg, Saxony the town is now twinned with Klingenberg itself.

Aach
Coat of arms of Aach
Location of Aach within Konstanz district
Aach  is located in Germany
Aach
Aach
Aach  is located in Baden-Württemberg
Aach
Aach
Coordinates: 47°50′44″N 8°51′6″E
CountryGermany
StateBaden-Württemberg
Admin. regionFreiburg
DistrictKonstanz
Government
  Mayor (201725) Manfred Ossola[1] (CDU)
Area
  Total10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi)
Elevation
545 m (1,788 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-31)[2]
  Total2,304
  Density220/km2 (560/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
78267
Dialling codes07774
Vehicle registrationKN
Websitewww.aach.de
Lordship of Aach
Herrschaft Aach
before 1100 – 1805
StatusLordship
CapitalAach
Common languagesLow Alemannic
GovernmentLordship
Historical eraMiddle Ages
 Established, within
    Further Austria

before 1100 10th century
 Rudolph I grants
    city rights

1283
1499

1525

March 25, 1799
 Mediatised to Baden
1805
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Duchy of Swabia
Grand Duchy of Baden

History

Aach was first mentioned in the year 1100, as part of the Duchy of Swabia. By the year 1150 the settlement was known in Latin as Oppidum Ach in Hegovia. In 1200, the lords transferred ownershp of the town to the Prince-Bishopric of Constance. Aach was granted town rights in 1283 by King Rudolph I of Germany. For the next centuries it was a part of Further Austria until the House of Habsburg purchased the County of Nellenburg, the county in which Aach was situated.

In 1499 battles of the Swabian War took place right before gates of Aach. Only 26 years later, in 1525, the German Peasants' War reached Aach, when region's aristocrats flew from the uprisings to the city, whereupon it was occupied by the rebel peasants. However, the uprisings were thrown down quickly by September 1525.

On March 25, 1799, there was a battle in Aach between Austria and France in the Napoleonic Wars. After Austria's defeat in the Third Coalition 1805, Aach came to the Kingdom of Württemberg (from 1810 the Grand Duchy of Baden), which joined the German Empire in 1871.

After World War II Aach became a part of the new (West) German state of Baden-Württemberg. Following district boundary redrawings in 1973, the city moved from the Stockach district to its current distract, Konstanz.

Jewish history

The first record of Jews in Aach is dated to 1518, in which the Jews of nearby Geisingen were accused of murdering a Christian child, an incident that can be considered a Blood libel. Every ten years, the local Jews were required to renew their residence permits. Between 1560 and 1570, five Jewish families resided in the town. Jews could host a maximum of five guests. They were required to notify the authorities upon the arrival of a Jewish visitor, and he could not trade with the local townspeople. In 1583, residence rights, now truncated to five-year increments, were renewed for Aach's six Jewish families. Additional restrictions were imposed on the town Jews, forbidding them to deal with agricultural products, and chant at the synagogue.[3]

Population change

Year Population Change (%) Year Population Change (%) Year Population Change (%)
1871 914 n/a 1950 1117 +1.9 1990 1575 +13.6
1880 954 +4.4 1956 1274 +14.1 1995 1973 +25.3
1890 949 -0.5 1961 1453 +14.1 2000 2113 +7.1
1900 972 +2.4 1965 1427 -1.8 2005 2230 +5.5
1910 1011 +4.0 1970 1355 -5.0 2010 2175 -2.5
1925 1014 +0.3 1975 1415 +4.4 2015 2243 +3.1
1933 960 -5.3 1980 1387 -1.98 2020 2314 +3.2
1939 1096 +14.2 1987 1387 = 2025 n/a n/a
Source: Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg: Struktur- und Regionaldatenbank

Geography

Aach is situated at the edge of the Hegau — a volcanic landscape between Lake Constance and the Swabian Alb mountains. To the north, behind the Upper Danube, is the Swabian Alb. A few kilometres to the east and southeast are the branches of Lake Constance, Überlinger See and Zeller See.The German–Swiss border lies about 14 km to the southeast.

The neighbouring settlements are Eigeltingen in the north, Orsingen-Nenzingen in the east, Volkertshausen in the south, and Mühlhausen-Ehingen in the west.

Land zoning

The following table shows the percentage of land in the town allocated for specific users, as of 31 December in the respective years.

Zone 1988 2000 2010
Agricultural land 50.7 % 47.9% 42.6 %
Forest 40.4 % 40.7 % 41.8 %
Housing and transport 7.9 % 10.6 % 13.2 %
Water 0.7 % 0.6 % 1.1 %
Other 0.3 % 0.2 % 1.3 %
Source: Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg: Struktur- und Regionaldatenbank

Law and government

Aach has formed a cooperation with the nearby City of Engen sharing some of its administrative domains.

Aach has a city council with ten seats. The last elections in 2017 brought three 5 for the CDU, and five seats for independent voters' associations. Aach's mayor is Manfred Ossola, elected in 2017 with 97.42% of the vote at a 70.4% turnout rate. He proceded the term of Severin Graf, mayor from December 2001 until December 2017.

Party Vote Share Seats 2014 Result
CDU 47.93 % 5 40.5 %, 4 Seats
Freie Wählervereinigung Aach 41.23 % 4 30.0 %, 3 Seats
Unabhängige Freie Liste Aach 10.84 % 1
SPD 23.8 %, 2 Seats
FDP 5.6 %, 1 Seat

Coat of arms

Blazon: "In red a golden (yellow) lion with three silver (white) stars distributed between the paws."

Significance: The lion can be considered as an indication of the affiliation to Habsburg. The stars served to distinguish it from the coat of arms of the dominion.

Landmarks

Tower of Aach

Buildings

  • The old town hall at Stadtstraße 38 was named as "monument of the month" for November 2008 by the Denkmalstiftung Baden-Württemberg.
  • On the edge of the town lies the old ruins of the Tower of Aach, dating back to the 11th century.

Natural beauties

The Aachtopf, the strongest spring in Germany, is located in the town area of Aach. The Aachtopf is the source of the Radolfzeller Aach, which flows into Lake Constance. It is fed by the water of the Danube, which seeps northwards about twelve kilometres (as the crow flies) from the source of the Aach between Immendingen and Fridingen in the karstified limestone of the White Jurassic (Danube seepage) and emerges here with an average discharge of 8,300 L/s (minimum 1,300 L/s, maximum 24,100 L/s).

For more attractions in Aach, see the respective list on the German wikipedia.

Economy and Infrastructure

Business

Various commercial enterprises are located in the town of Aach, most of them in an inter-municipal commercial area with the municipality of Volkertshausen.

Education

In Aach there is a public primary school with circa 100 pupils. The public secondary school was closed in summer 2010 after only 13 pupils attended this school in the last school year. There is also a kindergarten in Aach.

Transport

The nearest train station is five kilometres away in Mühlhausen-Ehingen. There are connections to long-distance trains from Singen, twelve kilometres away, or from the station in Engen, six kilometres away.

Bus connections go to Singen, Stockach and in the direction of Engen.

Aach is not far from the Hegau motorway junction. There are fast connections in all directions via the Bundesstraße 81, the Bundesstraße 98 and the two-lane Landesstraße 33. The town is also located on Landesstraße 31 (Freiburg im Breisgau-Friedrichshafen).

Personalities

  • Otto Trippel (1891–1954), Documentary filmmaker
  • Andreas Mettler (* 1968), Games designer and developer
  • Thomas Rid (* 1975), Political Scientist and non-fiction author

References

  1. Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse, Staatsanzeiger, accessed 13 September 2021.
  2. "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2021" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2021] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2022.
  3. Richard Gottheil. "AACH". Jewish Encylocpedia. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
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