Linear A

Examples of Linear A in the following topics:

• Linear Perspective

  • Linear perspective involves the recognition that images grow smaller and converge as they approach a vanishing point on a composition's horizon line.
  • Linear perspective is a technique artists developed during the Renaissance to accurately depict three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional picture plane, such as the canvas of a painting.
  • Brunelleschi is widely considered the forefather of linear perspective.
  • Because vanishing points exist only when parallel lines are present in the scene, a perspective with no vanishing points occurs if the viewer is observing a non-linear scene.
  • The most common example of a non-linear scene is a natural scene, such as a mountain range, which frequently does not contain any parallel lines.

• Art of the Bronze Age

  • According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Egypt (hieroglyphs), the Near East (cuneiform), and the Mediterranean, with the Mycenaean culture (Linear B), had viable writing systems.
  • The Atlantic Bronze Age was defined by a number of distinct regional centers of metal production, unified by a regular maritime exchange of some of their products.
  • Ireland is also known for a relatively large number of Early Bronze Age burials.
  • Linear B was the earliest Greek writing, dating from 1450 BCE, an adaptation of the earlier Minoan Linear A script.
  • Taotie - a mask of an imaginary animal with eyes, horns, snout, and jaw.

• Renaissance Painting After Masaccio

  • Fifteenth century artists adopted and built on the style and techniques that he had introduced to Italian painting, most notably the drive towards naturalism and the use of linear perspective, sfumato, and chiaroscuro.
  • Piero della Francesca studied light and linear perspective from a scientific point of view and wrote treatises about his findings.
  • His Flagellation of Christ demonstrates his mastery over linear perspective and his knowledge of how light is proportionally disseminated from its point of origin.
  • The artist also includes a checkerboard floor in this work to show off his perfect use of perspective.
  • In the foreground, broken lances and a dead soldier are carefully aligned so as to show off the artist's perfect employment of perspective.

• Painting in the Middle Byzantine Empire

  • Mary's face especially denotes the emotion and pain that a mother feels when grieving a lost child.
  • For another, the seminude body of Christ is rendered in a style similar to the drapery.
  • A similar mixture of naturalism and stylization is evident in a painting depicting the martyrdom of Saint Onesimus (c. 985 CE).
  • Despite these realistic elements, the folds of the figures' clothing appears more linear than natural, defined by deep, noticeable lines.
  • Furthermore, the blood pours from his legs in a linear manner, appearing more like strings than liquid.

• Space

  • The space in a painting, for example, includes the background, foreground and middle ground, while three-dimensional space, like sculpture or installation, will involve the distance between, around, and within points of the work.
  • Artists have devoted a great deal of time to experimenting with perspectives and degrees of flatness of the pictorial plane.
  • The perspective system has been a highly employed convention in Western art.
  • After spending hundreds of years developing linear perspective, Western artistic conventions about the accurate depiction of space went through a radical shift at the beginning of the 20th century.
  • Les Demoiselles d'Avignon is an example of cubist art, which has a tendency to flatten the picture plane, and its use of abstract shapes and irregular forms suggest multiple points of view within a single image.

• Renaissance Painting: Masaccio

  • While Giotto is often referred to as the herald of the Renaissance, there was a break in artistic developments in Italy after his death, due largely to the Black Death.
  • The development of perspective was part of a wider trend towards realism in the arts.
  • Many other important techniques commonly associated with Renaissance painting developed in Florence during the first half of the 15th century, including the use of realistic proportions, foreshortening (the artistic effect of shortening lines in a drawing to create the illusion of depth), sfumato (the blurring of sharp outlines by subtle and gradual blending to give the illusion of three-dimensionality), and chiaroscuro (the contrast between light and dark to convey a sense of depth).
  • Masaccio is best known for his frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel, in which he employed techniques of linear perspective such as the vanishing point for the first time, and had a profound influence on other artists despite the brevity of his career.
  • Unlike Giotto, Masaccio utilized linear and atmospheric perspective, and made even greater use of directional light and the chiaroscuro technique, enabling him to create even more convincingly lifelike paintings than his predecessor.

• Foreshortening

  • Perspective (from Latin "perspicere", to see through) in the graphic arts is an approximate representation on a flat surface of an image as it is seen by the eye.
  • Along with linear perspective, foreshortening is one of the two most characteristic features of perspective in two-dimensional media.
  • Additionally, the depicted object is often not scaled evenly; for example a circle might appear as an ellipse and a square might appear as a trapezoid.
  • Mantegna presented both a harrowing study of a strongly foreshortened cadaver and an intensely poignant depiction of a biblical tragedy.
  • Following the Renaissance, foreshortening became a standard part of the training of artists and is used commonly in many two-dimensional works.

• Post-Painterly Abstraction

  • Embracing clean linearity and open composition, Post-Painterly Abstraction evolved in reaction to Abstract Expressionism in the 50s and 60s.
  • This was a movement in painting that followed and evolved in reaction to the Abstract Expressionist movement of the 1940s and 1950s.
  • This style emphasized the picture-as-object, rather than a representation of something, be it something in the physical world or something in the artist's emotional world.
  • Post-Painterly Abstraction was often characterized as cleanly linear, using bright colors, lacking in detail, and open in composition.
  • During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Frank Stella was a significant figure in the emergence of Minimalism, Post-Painterly Abstraction, and Color Field painting.

• Linear Perspective and Three-Dimensional Space

  • In art, perspective is an approximate representation on a flat surface of an image as it is seen by the eye, calculated by assuming a particular vanishing point.
  • Not only was this use of perspective a way to portray depth, but it was also a new method of composing a painting.
  • Paintings began to show a single, unified scene, rather than a combination of several.
  • The most common example of a nonlinear scene is a natural scene (e.g., a mountain range), which frequently does not contain any parallel lines.
  • A perspective without vanishing points can still create a sense of depth.

• Hatching and Cross-Hatching

  • Hatching is especially important in linear media, such as drawing, as well as some painting and printmaking techniques (specifically in terms of engraving, etching and woodcut techniques).
  • Albrecht Dürer is a particular example of an artist who perfected the technique, employing it in much of his drawn and printed work .
  • For example, a hatched area which is placed next to another area with lines going in the opposite direction is often used to create contrast.
  • Hatch lines are defined as parallel lines which are repeated short intervals and drawn in a single direction.
  • Multiple layers of cross-hatch lines can give rich and varied shading to objects by manipulating the pressure of the drawing tool to create a large range of values.