Examples of frequency in the following topics:
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- High-frequency (≥15.000Hz) sounds are higher-pitched (short wavelength) than low-frequency (long wavelengths; ≤100Hz) sounds.
- Frequency is measured in cycles per second.
- Most humans can perceive sounds with frequencies between 30 and 20,000 Hz.
- Women are typically better at hearing high frequencies, but everyone's ability to hear high frequencies decreases with age.
- Those frequencies above the human range are called ultrasound.
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- We can also write this as p + q = 1.If the frequency of the Y allele in the population is 0.6, then we know that the frequency of the y allele is 0.4.
- From the Hardy-Weinberg principle and the known allele frequencies, we can also infer the frequencies of the genotypes.
- The frequency of homozygous pp individuals is p2; the frequency of hereozygous pq individuals is 2pq; and the frequency of homozygous qq individuals is q2.
- The frequency of homozygous dominant plants (p2) is (0.6)2 = 0.36.
- The frequency of heterozygous plants (2pq) is 2(0.6)(0.4) = 0.48.
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- Population genetics is the study of the distributions and changes of allele frequency in a population.
- The allele frequency (or gene frequency) is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population.
- If we also know that the frequency of the IB allele in this population is 0.14, then the frequency of the i allele is 0.6, which we obtain by subtracting all the known allele frequencies from 1 (thus: 1 - 0.26 - 0.14 = 0.6).
- When allele frequencies within a population change randomly with no advantage to the population over existing allele frequencies, the phenomenon is called genetic drift.
- Natural selection also affects allele frequency.
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- In frequency-dependent selection, phenotypes that are either common or rare are favored through natural selection.
- Another type of selection, called frequency-dependent selection, favors phenotypes that are either common (positive frequency-dependent selection) or rare (negative frequency-dependent selection).
- In one generation, orange might be predominant and then yellow males will begin to rise in frequency.
- Negative frequency-dependent selection serves to increase the population's genetic variance by selecting for rare phenotypes, whereas positive frequency-dependent selection usually decreases genetic variance by selecting for common phenotypes.
- Frequency-dependent selection allows for both common and rare phenotypes of the population to appear in a frequency-aided cycle.
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- Perfectly unlinked genes correspond to the frequencies predicted by Mendel to assort independently in a dihybrid cross.
- That is, every type of allele combination is represented with equal frequency.
- The recombination frequency will be the same as if the genes were on separate chromosomes.
- (d) The actual recombination frequency of fruit fly wing length and body color that Thomas Morgan observed in 1912 was 17 percent.
- This genetic map orders Drosophila genes on the basis of recombination frequency.
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- Light is composed of photons that make up electromagnetic waves, which are characterized by wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.
- A glance at the electromagnetic spectrum shows that visible light for humans is just a small slice of the entire spectrum, which includes radiation that we cannot see as light because it is below the frequency of visible red light and above the frequency of visible violet light .
- A wavelength (which varies inversely with frequency) manifests itself as color.
- Light at the red end of the visible spectrum has longer wavelengths (and is lower frequency), while light at the violet end has shorter wavelengths (and is higher frequency).
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- Genetic drift is the change in allele frequencies of a population due to random chance events, such as natural disasters.
- Over time, the selection pressure will cause the allele frequencies in the gorilla population to shift toward large, strong males.
- When an allele reaches a frequency of 1 (100%) it is said to be "fixed" in the population and when an allele reaches a frequency of 0 (0%) it is lost.
- "founders") separates from the old population to start a new population with different allele frequencies.
- In the first generation, the two alleles occur with equal frequency in the population, resulting in p and q values of .5.
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- Likewise, the hair cells that lay above it are most sensitive to a specific frequency of sound waves.
- Hair cells can respond to a small range of similar frequencies, but they require stimulation of greater intensity to fire at frequencies outside of their optimal range.
- The difference in response frequency between adjacent inner hair cells is about 0.2 percent.
- Lower frequencies travel farther along the membrane before causing appreciable excitation of the membrane.
- Different thicknesses of membrane vibrate in response to different frequencies of sound.
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- Natural selection only acts on the population's heritable traits: selecting for beneficial alleles and, thus, increasing their frequency in the population, while selecting against deleterious alleles and, thereby, decreasing their frequency.
- As natural selection influences the allele frequencies in a population, individuals can either become more or less genetically similar and the phenotypes displayed can become more similar or more disparate.
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- When a neutral allele is linked to beneficial allele, consequently meaning that it has a selective advantage, the allele frequency can increase in the population through genetic hitchhiking (also called genetic draft).
- One morph may confer a higher fitness than another, but may not increase in frequency because the intermediate morph is detrimental.
- The dark-colored mice may be more fit than the light-colored mice, and according to the principles of natural selection the frequency of light-colored mice is expected to decrease over time.
- As a result, the frequency of a dark-colored mice would not increase because the intermediate morphs are less fit than either light-colored or dark-colored mice.