Examples of H-band in the following topics:
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- Within the A-band is a region known as
the H-band, which is the region not superimposed by actin myofilaments.
- Within the H-band is the M-line, which is composed of myosin myofilaments and
titin molecules crosslinked by myomesin.
- At the level of the sliding
filament model, expansion and contraction only occurs within the I and H-bands.
- During contraction myosin ratchets along actin myofilaments compressing the I and H bands.
- During stretching this tension is release and the I and H bands expand.
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- Acids dissociate into H+ and lower pH, while bases dissociate into OH- and raise pH; buffers can absorb these excess ions to maintain pH.
- Human cells and blood each maintain near-neutral pH.
- The stronger the acid, the more readily it donates H+.
- This diagram shows the body's buffering of blood pH levels: the blue arrows show the process of raising pH as more CO2 is made; the purple arrows indicate the reverse process, lowering pH as more bicarbonate is created.
- The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
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- At the point, the molecules stopped sedimenting and formed a stable band.
- The molecules that form the lowest bands have the highest densities.
- The DNA harvested from cells grown for two generations in 14N formed two bands: one DNA band was at the intermediate position between 15N and 14N and the other corresponded to the band of exclusively 14N DNA.
- Dispersive replication would have resulted in exclusively a single band in each new generation, with the band slowly moving up closer to the height of the 14N DNA band.
- DNA grown in 15N (red band) is heavier than DNA grown in 14N (orange band) and sediments to a lower level in the cesium chloride density gradient in an ultracentrifuge.
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- Because nucleic acids are negatively-charged ions at neutral or basic pH in an aqueous environment, they can be mobilized by an electric field.
- Distinct nucleic acid fragments appear as bands at specific distances from the top of the gel (the negative electrode end) on the basis of their size .
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- In a given species, chromosomes can be identified by their number, size, centromere position, and banding pattern.
- Giemsa staining results in approximately 400–800 bands (of tightly coiled DNA and condensed proteins) arranged along all of the 23 chromosome pairs.
- An experienced geneticist can identify each chromosome based on its characteristic banding pattern.
- In addition to the banding patterns, chromosomes are further identified on the basis of size and centromere location.
- Notice that homologous chromosomes are the same size, and have the same centromere positions and banding patterns.
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- In comparison to Australopithecus africanus, H. habilis had a number of features more similar to modern humans.
- However, H. habilis retained some features of older hominin species, such as long arms.
- H. erectus appeared approximately 1.8 million years ago .
- H. erectus had a number of features that were more similar to modern humans than those of H. habilis.
- H. erectus is generally thought to have lived until about 50,000 years ago.
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- This layer multiplies into a band which then splits internally to form the coelom; this protostomic coelom is termed schizocoelom.
- Trochophore larvae are characterized by two bands of cilia around the body.
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- Denaturation is a process in which proteins lose their shape and, therefore, their function because of changes in pH or temperature.
- Pepsin, the enzyme that breaks down protein in the stomach, only operates at a very low pH.
- At higher pHs pepsin's conformation, the way its polypeptide chain is folded up in three dimensions, begins to change.
- The stomach maintains a very low pH to ensure that pepsin continues to digest protein and does not denature.
- Because almost all biochemical reactions require enzymes, and because almost all enzymes only work optimally within relatively narrow temperature and pH ranges, many homeostatic mechanisms regulate appropriate temperatures and pH so that the enzymes can maintain the shape of their active site.
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- Because the ddNTPs are fluorescently labeled, each band on the gel reflects the size of the DNA strand and the ddNTP that terminated the reaction.
- Reading the gel on the basis of the color of each band on the ladder produces the sequence of the template strand .
- The DNA is separated on the basis of size, and these bands, based on the size of the fragments, can be read.
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- It also results in the production of H+ ions.
- If too much H+ is produced, it can alter blood pH.
- However, hemoglobin binds to the free H+ ions, limiting shifts in pH.
- The H+ ion dissociates from the hemoglobin and binds to the bicarbonate ion.
- This is important because it takes only a small change in the overall pH of the body for severe injury or death to result.