Examples of plasmid in the following topics:
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- A plasmid (also called a vector) is a small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA.
- In cloning, the plasmid molecules can be used to provide a "folder" in which to insert a desired DNA fragment.
- Plasmids are usually introduced into a bacterial host for proliferation.
- An important feature of plasmid vectors is the ease with which a foreign DNA fragment can be introduced via the multiple cloning site (MCS).
- Not all recombinant plasmids are capable of expressing genes.
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- The DNA transferred can be in the form of a plasmid or as a hybrid, containing both plasmid and chromosomal DNA.
- The DNA may remain separate as plasmid DNA or be incorporated into the host genome.
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- In nature, the disease-causing A. tumefaciens have a set of plasmids, called the Ti plasmids (tumor-inducing plasmids), that contain genes for the production of tumors in plants.
- DNA from the Ti plasmid integrates into the infected plant cell's genome.
- Researchers manipulate the Ti plasmids to remove the tumor-causing genes and insert the desired DNA fragment for transfer into the plant genome.
- The Ti plasmids carry antibiotic resistance genes to aid selection and can be propagated in E. coli cells as well.
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- Some prokaryotes also have smaller loops of DNA called plasmids that are not essential for normal growth.
- Bacteria can exchange these plasmids with other bacteria, sometimes receiving beneficial new genes that the recipient can add to their chromosomal DNA.
- Antibiotic resistance is one trait that often spreads through a bacterial colony through plasmid exchange.
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- Recombinant DNA technology, or DNA cloning, is the process of transferring a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element, such as a bacteria plasmid, which is called a vector.
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- Their viral genome will integrate with host DNA and replicate along with it fairly harmlessly, or may even become established as a plasmid.
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- In addition, prokaryotes have plasmids, which are smaller pieces of circular DNA that can replicate separately from prokaryotic genomic DNA.
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- Additionally, prokaryotes often have abundant plasmids, which are shorter, circular DNA molecules that may only contain one or a few genes and often carry traits such as antibiotic resistance.
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- In 1978, Genentech joined a gene for insulin with a plasmid vector and put the resulting gene into a bacterium called Escherichia coli.
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- Plasmids, which consist of extra-chromosomal DNA, are also present in many species of bacteria and archaea.