temporal isolation

Examples of temporal isolation in the following topics:

• Reproductive Isolation

  • Reproductive isolation, through mechanical, behavioral, and physiological barriers, is an important component of speciation.
  • Scientists classify reproductive isolation in two groups: prezygotic barriers and postzygotic barriers.
  • Differences in breeding schedules, called temporal isolation, can act as a form of reproductive isolation.
  • These two related frog species exhibit temporal reproductive isolation.
  • Reproductive organ incompatibility keeps the species reproductively isolated.

• Evolution of Amniotes

  • The key differences between the synapsids, anapsids, and diapsids are the structures of the skull and the number of temporal fenestrae behind each eye .
  • Temporal fenestrae are post-orbital openings in the skull that allow muscles to expand and lengthen.
  • Anapsids have no temporal fenestrae, synapsids have one, and diapsids have two.
  • The image illustrates the differences in the skulls and temporal fenestrae of anapsids, synapsids, and diapsids.

• Signal Summation

  • Summation, either spatial or temporal, is the addition of these impulses at the axon hillock .
  • Temporal summation means that the effects of impulses received at the same place can add up if the impulses are received in close temporal succession.

• Brain: Cerebral Cortex and Brain Lobes

  • The cerebral cortex of the brain is divided into four lobes responsible for distinct functions: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
  • Each hemisphere of the mammalian cerebral cortex can be broken down into four functionally- and spatially-defined lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital .
  • The temporal lobe is located at the base of the brain by the ears.
  • The human cerebral cortex includes the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, each of which is involved in a different higher function.

• CAM and C4 Photosynthesis

  • In contrast to C4 metabolism, which physically separates the CO2 fixation to PEP from the Calvin cycle, CAM temporally separates these two processes.
  • CAM concentrates it temporally, providing CO2 during the day and not at night, when respiration is the dominant reaction.

• Pharmacogenomics, Toxicogenomics, and Metagenomics

  • Traditionally, microbiology has been taught with the view that microorganisms are best studied under pure culture conditions, which involves isolating a single type of cell and culturing it in the laboratory.
  • In addition, the vast majority of bacterial species resist being cultured in isolation.
  • Most microorganisms do not live as isolated entities, but in microbial communities known as biofilms.
  • Metagenomics involves isolating DNA from multiple species within an environmental niche.

• Visual Processing

  • A second stream projects to the temporal lobe and carries both magnocellular ("where") and parvocellular ("what") information.

• Human Axial Skeleton

  • The eight cranial bones include the frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, the occipital bone, the sphenoid bone, and the ethmoid bone.
  • The cranial bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones.

• Homo sapiens

  • Humans are distinguished from other primates by their bipedal locomotion and by their relatively larger brain with its particularly well-developed neocortex, prefrontal cortex, and temporal lobes, which enable high levels of abstract reasoning, language, problem solving, and culture through social learning.

• Transduction of Sound

  • The afferent, bipolar neurons that convey auditory information travel from the cochlea to the medulla, through the pons and midbrain in the brainstem, finally reaching the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe.
  • The inner ear can be divided into three parts: the semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the cochlea, all of which are located in the temporal bone.