How Neurons Communicate

The resting potential of a neuron is controlled by the difference in total charge between the inside and outside of the cell.

Signals are transmitted from neuron to neuron via an action potential, when the axon membrane rapidly depolarizes and repolarizes.

Synaptic transmission is a chemical event which is involved in the transmission of the impulse via release, diffusion, receptor binding of neurotransmitter molecules and unidirectional communication between neurons. 

Signal summation occurs when impulses add together to reach the threshold of excitation to fire a neuron.

Synapses experience plasticity by strengthening or weakening over time.