Distributive

Examples of Distributive in the following topics:

• Distribution and logistics

  • Distribution channels are the means by which goods are distributed from the manufacturer to the end user.
  • Logistics, or physical distribution management, is concerned with the planning, implementing, and control of physical flows of materials and final goods from points of origin to points of use to meet customer needs at a profit.
  • Finally, the third link is the channel structure (logistics) within countries, which distributes the products from their point of entry to the final consumer.
  • Distribution strategies within overseas markets are affected by various uncontrollable factors.
  • Physical distribution to overseas markets often requires special marketing planning.

• S-Corporations (S-Corps)

  • The distribution of the additional profits from the S corporation will be done without any further FICA tax liability.
  • If for some reason, Bob (as the majority owner) was to decide not to distribute the money, both Bob and John would still owe taxes on their pro-rata allocation of business income, even though neither received any cash distribution.
  • To avoid this "phantom income" scenario, S corporations commonly use shareholder agreements that stipulate at least enough distribution must be made for shareholders to pay the taxes on their distributive shares.
  • However, in the manner of a partnership, an S corporation's income, deductions, and tax credits flow through annually to shareholders, regardless of whether distributions are made.
  • Thus, income is taxed at the shareholder level and not at the corporate level, and payments are distributed to S shareholders tax-free to the extent that the distributed earnings were not previously taxed.

• Channels for Consumer Goods

  • With the growth of specialization, particularly industrial specialization, and with improvements in methods of transportation and communication, channels of distribution have become very complex.
  • Thus, corn grown in Illinois may be processed into corn chips in West Texas, which are then distributed throughout the United States.
  • Finally, channels should have certain distribution objectives guiding their activities.
  • The structure and management of the marketing channel is thus in part a function of a firm's distribution objective.

• Types of Corporations

  • Any distribution from the earnings and profits of a C corporation is treated as a dividend for U.S. income tax purposes.
  • Exceptions apply to treat certain distributions as made in exchange for stock rather than as dividends.
  • Such exceptions include distributions in complete termination of a shareholder's interest and distributions in liquidation of the corporation.
  • Payments to S shareholders by the corporation are distributed tax-free to the extent that the distributed earnings were not previously taxed.
  • A nonprofit organization is an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals rather than distributing them as profit or dividends.

• Investment in Operations

  • Many existing distribution planning systems round quantities up to the nearest full shipping unit.
  • Supply chain optimization applies processes and tools that ensure optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution supply chain.
  • This involves balancing the costs of inventory, transportation, distribution, and manufacturing, and supply chain optimization has applications in all industries that manufacture and/or distribute goods (retail, industrial, and/or consumer packaged goods [CPG]).
  • Using this forecast demand, a supply chain manufacturing and distribution plan is created to manufacture and distribute products to meet the demand at low cost and/or high profit.
  • Supply chain optimization applies processes and tools that ensure the optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution supply chain.

• Types of Franchises

  • This is then sold to bottlers around the world, who finish the product by adding water and distributing it to retail stores, restaurants, and food service distributors.
  • With product franchises, manufactures control how retail stores distribute their products.
  • Through this kind of agreement, manufacturers allow retailers to distribute their products and to use their names and trademarks.
  • For example, soft drink bottlers often obtain franchise rights from soft drink companies to produce, bottle, and distribute soft drinks.

• Materials Handling

  • Materials handling is the movement, storage, control, and protection of materials during their manufacturing, distribution, consumption, and disposal.
  • Material Handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods, and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption, and disposal.
  • The material handling industry manufactures and distributes the equipment and services required to implement material handling systems.

• Local, regional, national, international, and global marketers

  • Regional marketers cover a larger geographic area that may necessitate multiple production plants and a more complex distribution network.
  • National marketers distribute their product throughout a country.
  • This may involve multiple manufacturing plants, a distribution system including warehouses and privately owned delivery vehicles, and different versions of the marketing "mix" or overall strategy.
  • In the case of Honda Motors, for example, it means building manufacturing plants in the US, hiring local employees, using local distribution systems and advertising agencies, and reinvesting a large percentage of the profits back into the US.

• Channels for Industrial Goods

  • With the growth of specialization, particularly industrial specialization, and with improvements in methods of transportation and communication, channels of distribution became very complex.
  • Thus, corn grown in Illinois may be processed into corn chips in West Texas, which are then distributed throughout the United States.
  • This channel of distribution is commonly used to market accessory equipment, such as typewriters or operating supplies which include typewriting papers, pens, and office materials.

• The Cost of Intermediaries

  • Distribution of goods is often enabled through collaboration with partners and intermediaries.
  • While the intermediaries required will differ based on the product or service being discussed, there are a few common costs which most business can anticipate incurring when it comes to product distribution:
  • This image shows a simple supply chain, including the various distribution intermediaries a company may work through in order to provide a customer with a product.
  • Understand the various costs which accompany product distribution when working with intermediaries