Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates

Parametric equations are a set of equations in which the coordinates (e.g., $x$ and $y$) are expressed in terms of a single third parameter.

Calculus can be applied to parametric equations as well.

Polar coordinates define the location of an object in a plane by using a distance and an angle from a reference point and axis.

Area and arc length are calculated in polar coordinates by means of integration.

Conic sections are defined by intersections of cones with planes.

Arc length and speed in parametric equations can be calculated using integration and the Pythagorean theorem.

Conic sections are sections of cones and can be represented by polar coordinates.