family

Examples of family in the following topics:

• Formulas Using Other Configurational Notations

  • Fischer projection formulas are particularly useful for comparing configurational isomers within a family of related chiral compounds, such as the carbohydrates.
  • These compounds are all chiral and only one enantiomer is drawn (the D-family member).

• Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc

  • Copper is a member of a family of metals known as the "coinage metals," which includes copper, silver, gold, and roentgenium.
  • The zinc family consists of zinc, cadmium, mercury, and copernicum.

• Fischer Projection Formulas

  • Fischer formulas for these isomers, which Fischer designated as the "D"-family, are shown in the diagram.
  • Each of these compounds has an enantiomer, which is a member of the "L"-family so, as expected, there are eight stereoisomers in all.

• Variation of Physical Properties Within a Group

  • For the transition metals, boiling and melting points mostly increase as you move down the group, but they decrease for the zinc family.
  • In the main group elements, the boron and carbon families (Groups 13 and 14) decrease in their boiling and melting points as you move down the group, whereas the nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine families (Groups 15, 16, and 17) tend to increase in both.

• The Structure and Configuration of Glucose

  • Consequently, Fischer made an arbitrary choice for (+)-glucose and established a network of related aldose configurations that he called the D-family.
  • The mirror images of these configurations were then designated the L-family of aldoses.
  • To illustrate using present day knowledge, Fischer projection formulas and names for the D-aldose family (three to six-carbon atoms) are shown below, with the asymmetric carbon atoms (chiral centers) colored red.
  • If the hydroxyl group in the projection formula pointed to the right, it was defined as a member of the D-family.
  • A left directed hydroxyl group (the mirror image) then represented the L-family.

• Borates: Boron-Oxygen Compounds

• Atomic Size

  • The atomic size trends across a period and down a group ('family' in this figure) of the periodic table are shown in this figure.

• Fatty Acids

  • These acids are also precursors to the prostaglandins, a family of physiologically potent lipids present in minute amounts in most body tissues.

• Alkylidene Reactions

  • Tech. ) has produced a family of easily handled ruthenium catalysts that have proven effective and valuable tools in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.

• Periodic Trends in Metallic Properties

  • Families of the periodic table are often grouped by metallic properties.