Examples of arrector pili in the following topics:
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- This is caused by tiny muscles under the surface of the skin, called arrector pili muscles.
- The arrector pili muscles contract (piloerection) and lift the hair follicles upright.
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- Mammals have a residual effect from shivering and increased muscle activity: arrector pili muscles create "goose bumps," causing small hairs to stand up when the individual is cold; this has the intended effect of increasing body temperature.
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- The arrector pili muscle, which is a band of smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle to connective tissue, contracts and creates the goose bumps on skin.
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- They help comprise the
arrector pili muscle that causes the hairs on our body to stand on their ends
when we’re cold or we’re scared.
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- All pili are primarily composed of oligomeric pilin proteins.
- Pili are antigenic.
- Specific host responses to old pili structure are not effective on the new structure.
- Recombination genes of pili code for variable (V) and constant (C) regions of the pili (similar to immunoglobulin diversity).
- Some pili, called "type IV pili," generate motile forces.
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- The integument also includes appendages, primarily the sweat and sebaceous glands, hair, nails and arrectores pillorum (tiny muscles at the root of each hair that cause goose bumps).
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- Fimbrial adhesion by the type I fimbriae in E. coli undergoes site specific inversion to regulate the expression of fimA, the major subunit of the pili, depending on the stage of infection.
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- Wild-type pili are clearly visible as 7 nm fibres that form bundles @ 0.2Ð0.3 µm wide and 3Ð6 µm long.