artificial intelligence

(noun)

The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs.

Related Terms

Examples of artificial intelligence in the following topics:

  • Expert Systems

    • Knowledge based systems are artificial intelligent tools working in a narrow domain to provide intelligent decisions with justification.
    • The basic advantages offered by such a system are documentation of knowledge, intelligent decision support, self learning, reasoning and explanation.
    • Knowledge-based systems are systems based on the methods and techniques of artificial Intelligence.
    • Expert systems (ES) have been the tools and techniques perfected by artificial intelligence (AI) researchers to deduce decision influences based on the codification of knowledge and applying rules, such as if-then statements.

  • Relative Minima and Maxima

    • Minima and maxima are used heavily in optimization problems and artificial intelligence where, given a number of constraints on resources, we want the best use of our resources.
    • In artificial intelligence we may want to discover what the least costly plan of action to take is for a robot (ie. the shortest path).
    • However, because there is not unlimited time to identify the right plan, artificial intelligence often simply finds the local minima.

  • Bioinformatic Analyses and Gene Distributions

    • Bioinformatics also deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, structural biology, software engineering, data mining, image processing, modeling and simulation, discrete mathematics, control and system theory, circuit theory, and statistics.

  • The Eight Intelligences

    • Everyone is thought to possess this intelligence at some level.
    • Traditionally, Linguistic intelligence and Logical/Mathematical intelligence have been highly valued in education and learning environments.
    • They notice natural and artificial taxonomies such as dinosaurs to algae and cars to clothes.
    • It is an internalized version of Interpersonal Intelligence.
    • An individual should tap into their other intelligences to completely express their Intrapersonal Intelligence.

  • Defining Intelligence

    • Over the last century or so, intelligence has been defined in many different ways.
    • The current American Psychological Association definition of intelligence involves a three-level hierarchy of intelligence factors, with g at its apex.
    • Cattell proposed two types of intelligence rather than a single general intelligence.
    • In 1983, Howard Gardner published a book on multiple intelligence that breaks intelligence down into at least eight different modalities: logical, linguistic, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences.
    • A few years later, Robert Sternberg proposed the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which proposes three fundamental types of cognitive ability: analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.

  • What is Multiple Intelligences Theory?

    • Originally, the theory accounted for seven separate intelligences.
    • Subsequently, with the publishing of Gardner's Intelligence Reframed in 1999, two more intelligences were added to the list.
    • Gardner's theory challenges traditional, narrower views of intelligence.
    • Originally, the theory accounted for seven separate intelligences.
    • Subsequently, with the publishing of Gardner's Intelligence Reframed in 1999, two more intelligences were added to the list.

  • Controversies in Intelligence and Standardized Testing

    • Intelligence tests and standardized tests face criticism for their uses and applications in society.
    • Intelligence tests (such as IQ tests) have always been controversial; critics claim that they measure factors other than intelligence.
    • Psychometricians have sought to make intelligence tests more culture fair and valid over the years, and to make sure that they measure g, or the "general intelligence factor" thought to underly all intelligence.
    • Again, even if intelligence scores correlate with job success, this does not mean that people with high intelligence will always be successful at work.
    • They concluded that the SAT is primarily a test of g or general intelligence.

  • Theories of Multiple Intelligence

    • Theories of multiple intelligence contend that intelligence cannot be measured by a single factor.
    • Today, the most widely accepted theory of intelligence is the "three stratum theory," which recognizes that there are three different levels of intelligence, all governed by the top level, g, or general intelligence factor.
    • Gardner identified eight specific intelligences and two additional tentative ones:
    • In 1986, Robert Sternberg proposed a Triarchic Theory of intelligence.
    • If a savant such as Peek was measured by Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, he would be considered to be very gifted in a subtype of intelligence, such as linguistics.

  • References

    • Multiple Intelligences in the classroom.
    • Teaching and learning through Multiple Intelligences.
    • Problem-based learning and other curriculum models for the Multiple Intelligences classroom.
    • Frames of mind: the theory of Multiple Intelligences.
    • Intelligence reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st century.

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