authority figures

Examples of authority figures in the following topics:

• Obedience

  • Obedience is a form of social influence that occurs when a person yields to explicit instructions or orders from an authority figure.
  • It occurs when a person yields to explicit instructions or orders from an authority figure.
  • The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures (1963) was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram.
  • These results demonstrate that participants were willing to obey an authority figure and administer extremely harmful (and potentially lethal) shocks.
  • Proximity to the authority figure: Proximity indicates physical closeness; the closer the authority figure is, the more obedience is demonstrated.

• The Milgram Experiment: The Power of Authority

  • The Milgram experiment found that most people are willing to obey authority figures over their personal objections.
  • However, Milgram's experiments relate to any question of obedience and authority.
  • Any time one questions an authority figures demands but decides to follow the request despite one's hesitations, one exemplifies Milgram's study.
  • The Milgram experiment—based on obedience to authority figures—was a series of notable social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s.
  • It measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience.

• Deciphering an Argument You're Reading

  • ", which means that the author is preparing to introduce the thesis.
  • If you keep the author's thesis in mind, you can figure out who is saying what even if the positional voice of the author seems to suddenly change in a radical way.
  • Go back over the text that you have read and try to figure out why you got lost or confused.
  • Why did the author introduce a new voice?
  • How does the author's thesis relate to this quote?

• Authority and Legitimate Violence

  • Opponents of gun control point out that this increases a state's authority while diminishing the possibility for armed resistance by private individuals.
  • According to Weber, the state is that entity that "upholds the claim to the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in the enforcement of its order. " The state's authority is derived from this: the state can enforce its precepts through force without losing its legitimate authority.
  • This definition of the state has figured prominently in philosophy of law and in political philosophy throughout the twentieth century.
  • Territory is necessary because it defines the scope of the state's authority: use of force is acceptable, but only in the jurisdiction specified by the state's lands.

• Prevent Territoriality

  • Even if the person desiring the authority really is competent, it is still crucial that she hold that authority informally, through the consensus of the group, and that the authority never cause her to exclude others from working in that area.
  • At the Apache Software foundation we discourage the use of author tags in source code.
  • There is no clear line for when to add or remove an author tag.
  • From a technical standpoint author tags are unnecessary; if you wish to find out who wrote a particular piece of code, the version control system can be consulted to figure that out.
  • Author tags also tend to get out of date.

• Reading Carefully and Closely

  • What sort of vocabulary does the author use?
  • What is the author trying to do?
  • How does the author set up her thesis?
  • Does the writer use any literary devices or figurative language?
  • Who is the author's intended audience?

• Chicago/Turabian: Tables and Figures

  • Chicago/Turabian specifies two methods for representing information visually: tables and figures.
  • Include the same information, with the same formatting, as in a parenthetical citation—i.e., the author's last name and the page number.
  • Treat a figure much as you would treat a table, with two exceptions: (1) you should present a figure immediately after you have referenced it in the text, and (2) all information about the figure, including its number ("Figure 1") and title ("Frogs in the Willamette River, 2012") should appear on the line immediately below the figure.

• Expanding Federal Power

  • Perhaps one of the most remarkable characteristics of Roosevelt's presidency was his conviction that the president, by virtue of his election by the nation, was the representative figure of the American people, as opposed to Congress.
  • As some scholars have considered, Roosevelt's domestic policies, taken together, paved the way for the 1930s New Deal legislation as well as the modern regulatory state and centralized national authority with expansive political power.
  • Despite Roosevelt's widespread popularity, many contemporaries resented his policies as encroachments on state power and local authority and accused him of concentrating all real political authority in Washington and replacing municipal and state structures with bureaucratic commissions and departments.
  • To that end, by concentrating power in the executive and broadening the scope of federal regulatory power, Roosevelt was arguably attempting to create a modernized, Progressive United States that functioned seamlessly and in the better interests of the nation as a whole, rather than for local political authorities and wealthy interests.

• Introducing Objections Informally

  • Here's an example of introducing objections with conditional statements: "If Ophelia were to marry Hamlet, she would someday become Denmark's queen and, consequently, a major political figure. "
  • These informal devices can help authors entertain another opinion in a neutral manner.
  • It is important to gracefully acknowledge potential objections when it can produce trust and reinforce the fairness and authority of the author's perspective.
  • The author should try to anticipate the difficulties that different types of readers might have with the author's evidence or reasoning.
  • The writer should think about where readers are most likely to object or feel unsettled, and how can the writers concede potential problems while still advancing the authority of his or her claim.

• Analyzing Poetry

  • If we pay attention to a particular poem's meter, tone, imagery, and figurative language, we are able to talk about a poem's unity.
  • Meter: the pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a given poetic lineTone: the speaker's attitude toward his subject, audience, or himselfImagery: the poetic representation of any sense experienceFigurative language: the non-literal use of language to achieve an effect
  • But every literary work had an author and an audience, and both are deeply influenced by a particular place and time.
  • Chief Question: How do the poem's words reflect the cultural context of the author and/or poet?
  • When we focus on similar content, we are either discussing allusions—intended references to another literary image—or archetypes, images or characters that appear so frequently they are less the domain of one author than part of a common literary heritage.