Brunswick Manifesto

(noun)

A proclamation issued by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, commander of the Allied Army (principally Austrian and Prussian), on July 25, 1792 to the population of Paris, France during the War of the First Coalition. It threatened that if the French royal family were harmed, then French civilians would be harmed. It was a measure intended to intimidate Paris, but instead, it helped further spur the increasingly radical French Revolution.

Related Terms

Examples of Brunswick Manifesto in the following topics:

  • Foreign Intervention

    • While the revolutionary government frantically raised fresh troops and reorganized its armies, a mostly Prussian Allied army under Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick assembled at Koblenz on the Rhine.
    • In July, the invasion commenced, with Brunswick's army easily taking the fortresses of Longwy and Verdun.
    • The duke then issued a proclamation called the Brunswick Manifesto (July 1792), written by the French king's cousin, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, the leader of an émigré corps within the Allied army, which declared the Allies' intent to restore the king to his full powers and to treat any person or town who opposed them as rebels to be condemned to death by martial law.
    • Anonymous caricature depicting the treatment given to the Brunswick Manifesto by the French population.
    • The Brunswick Manifesto, rather than intimidate the populace into submission, sent it into furious action and created fear and anger towards the Allies.

  • The Legislative Assembly

    • The Assembly declared the country in danger and the Brunswick Manifesto, combined with the news that Austrian and Prussian armies had marched into French soil, heated the republican spirit to fury.

  • Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette's Attempts to Escape

    • The outbreak of the war with Austria in April 1792 and the publication of the Brunswick Manifesto led to the storming of the Tuileries by Parisian radicals on August 10, 1792.

  • The Ostend Manifesto and Cuba

    • Dubbed the Ostend Manifesto, it was immediately denounced in both Northern U.S. states and Europe.
    • American Free-Soilers, recently angered by the Fugitive Slave Law (passed as part of the Compromise of 1850), decried the Manifesto, dubbed by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune as “The Manifesto of the Brigands”, unconstitutional.
    • The backlash from the Ostend Manifesto shelved any expansionist plans for Cuba for several decades.
    • Pierre Soulé, the driving force behind the Ostend Manifesto and its resultant political fallout.
    • Explain what the Ostend Manifesto was and why Southern expansionists supported the policy

  • Class Conflict and Marx

    • Famously, Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. " Class struggle pushed society from one stage to the next, in a dialectical process.
    • The Communist Manifesto gives an overview of Marx's theory of class conflict and embraces his position that sociologists should also be publicly active social critics.
    • In this video, the test of the manifesto is illustrated with cartoon clips that demonstrate the deep and enduring legacy of Marx's philosophy for modern culture.

  • Spectator Sports

    • The first intercollegiate soccer match in the U.S. took place on November 6, 1869, in New Brunswick, N.J., when clubs from Princeton and Rutgers played under rules modified from those of Association Football.
    • The first intercollegiate football game between teams from Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) took place on November 6, 1869, at College Field, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on what is now the site of Rutgers' College Avenue Gymnasium.

  • Surrealism

    • Breton included the idea of the startling juxtapositions in his 1924 manifesto, taking it in turn from a 1918 essay by poet Pierre Reverdy, which said: "a juxtaposition of two more or less distant realities.
    • In 1924 they declared their philosophy in the first "Surrealist Manifesto. " That same year they established the Bureau of Surrealist Research, and began publishing the journal La Révolution surréaliste.

  • Challenges to the New Deal

    • In 1937, Bailey released a "Conservative Manifesto" that presented conservative philosophical tenets, including the line "Give enterprise a chance, and I will give you the guarantees of a happy and prosperous America."
    • The Manifesto called for reduced governments spending, balanced budget, and lowering taxes.

  • The Brief Reign of Peter III

    • One of Peter's most widely debated reforms was a manifesto that exempted the nobility from obligatory state and military service (established by Peter the Great) and gave them freedom to travel abroad.
    • The manifesto obliged nobles to educate their children and ostracized the nobility considered lazy and unproductive.

  • Quebec, New York, and New Jersey

    • The British lost more than a quarter of their forces in the battle and convinced General Howe to withdraw most of his army from New Jersey, with only outposts at New Brunswick and Perth Amboy remaining.