cattle drive

Examples of cattle drive in the following topics:

• The End of the Open Range

  • The open range came to an end due to the overgrazing of cattle.
  • Its invention made fencing huge expanses cheaper than hiring cowboys for handling cattle.
  • This was particularly true during the harsh winter of 1886–1887, when hundreds of thousands of cattle died across the Northwest, leading to collapse of the cattle industry.
  • This made long cattle drives from Texas to the railheads in Kansas unnecessary.
  • Hence, the age of the open range was gone and large cattle drives were over.

• Ranchers, Cowboys, and Cattle

  • The use of livestock branding allowed the cattle owned by different ranchers to be identified and sorted.
  • In the north, overgrazing stressed the open range, leading to insufficient winter forage for the cattle and starvation.
  • This was particularly true during the harsh winter of 1886–1887, when hundreds of thousands of cattle died across the Northwest, leading to a collapse of the cattle industry.
  • This made long cattle drives from Texas to the railheads in Kansas unnecessary.
  • Hence, the age of the open range was gone, and large cattle drives were over.

• The Western Frontier

  • As the nation expanded westward, settlers were motivated by opportunities to farm the land or "make it rich" through cattle or gold.
  • This meat was highly sought after in eastern markets, and the demand created not only wealthy ranchers but an era of cowboys and cattle drives that in many ways defines how we think of the West today.
  • The lure of quick riches through mining or driving cattle meant that much of the West indeed consisted of rough men living a rough life, although the violence was exaggerated and even glorified in the dime-store novels of the day.

• Drive-Reduction Theory

• Drive Theory

• Drive-Reduction Theory of Motivation

  • Drive-reduction theory distinguishes between primary and secondary drives.
  • Secondary drives are associated with primary drives because the satisfaction of secondary drives indirectly satisfies primary drives.
  • Secondary drives become associated with primary drives through classical conditioning.
  • Drives are thought to underlie all behavior in that behaviors are only conditioned, or learned, if the reinforcement satisfies a drive.
  • Individuals faced with more than one need at the same time experience multiple drives, and research has shown that multiple drives can lead to more rapid learning than a single drive.

• Is everything recyclable?

  • Substances used in the medical and livestock industries, for example, can be unsuitable (some scientists believe that the mad cow disease outbreaks in the UK began when infected sheep carcasses were ground up and recycled as cattle feed).

• Prions and Viroids

  • Fatal neurodegenerative diseases, such as kuru in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle (commonly known as "mad cow disease"), were shown to be transmitted by prions.
  • BSE, originally detected in the United Kingdom, spread between cattle by the practice of including cattle nervous tissue in feed for other cattle.
  • On the other hand, BSE was initially thought to affect only cattle.
  • Cattle that died of BSE had developed lesions or "holes" in the brain, causing the brain tissue to resemble a sponge.
  • PrPsc is folded abnormally; the resulting conformation (shape) is directly responsible for the lesions seen in the brains of infected cattle.

• Energy Policy

  • The United States had resisted endorsing the Kyoto Protocol, preferring to let the market drive CO2 reductions to mitigate global warming, which will require CO2 emission taxation .
  • Note cattle grazing beneath the turbines.

• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord .
  • BSE has a long incubation period, about 30 months to eight years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age of four to five years, all breeds being equally susceptible.
  • In the United Kingdom, the country worst affected, more than 180,000 cattle have been infected and 4.4 million slaughtered during the eradication program.
  • Different hypotheses exist for the origin of prion proteins in cattle.
  • In the fifth century BC, Hippocrates described a similar illness in cattle and sheep, which he believed also occurred in man.