cohesion
Sociology
(noun)
State of cohering, or of working together.
Biology
(noun)
Various intermolecular forces that hold solids and liquids together.
Management
Examples of cohesion in the following topics:
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Team Cohesiveness
- Team cohesion develops over time.
- Social scientists have explained the phenomenon of group cohesiveness in different ways.
- Team cohesion is related to a range of positive and negative consequences.
- Members of more cohesive groups tend to communicate with one another in a more positive fashion than those of less cohesive groups.
- Membership in a cohesive team can also have negative consequences.
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Water’s Cohesive and Adhesive Properties
- This water can stay above the glass because of the property of cohesion.
- Cohesion and surface tension keep the hydrogen bonds of water molecules intact and support the item floating on the top.
- Why are cohesive and adhesive forces important for life?
- Cohesive and adhesive forces are important for the transport of water from the roots to the leaves in plants.
- Water's cohesive and adhesive properties allow this water strider (Gerris sp.) to stay afloat.
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Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
- Mechanical and organic solidarity are concepts referring to different modes of establishing and maintaining social order and cohesion.
- Although individuals perform very different roles in an organization, and often have different values and interests, there is a cohesion that arises from the compartmentalization and specialization woven into "modern" life.
- Solidarity describes connections between individuals that allow them to form a cohesive social network.
- Mechanical solidarity refers to connection, cohesion, and integration born from homogeneity, or similar work, education, religiosity, and lifestyle.
- Although individuals perform very different roles in an organization, and they often have different values and interests, there is a cohesion that arises from the compartmentalization and specialization woven into "modern" life.
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Effects of Group Size on Stability and Intimacy
- Since it is easier for fewer people to agree on goals and to coordinate their work, smaller groups are more cohesive than larger groups.
- A group is said to be in a state of cohesion when its members possess bonds linking them to one another and to the group as a whole.
- According to Festinger, Schachter, and Back (1950), group cohesion develops from a field of binding social forces that act on members to stay in the group.
- Since it is easier for fewer people to agree on goals and to coordinate their work, smaller groups are often more cohesive than larger groups.
- Group cohesiveness may suffer, though, if the group lacks enough members to perform its tasks well.
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Surface Tension
- The tendency of the surface of a liquid to resist a force and behave like a membrane and is a result of cohesion between liquid molecules.
- This effect is a result of cohesion of the molecules of the liquid causing the surface of the liquid to contract to the smallest area possible.
- The contact angle is measured in the liquid and depends on the relative strength of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and interface materials.
- If the cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive forces, the resulting contact angles will be large and will form a more circular drop .
- When a water droplet forms on a leaf, the cohesive forces between the water molecules are greater than the adhesive forces between the water and leaf surface.
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Surface Tension and Capillary Action
- Attractive forces between molecules of the same type are called cohesive forces.
- Liquids can, for example, be kept in open containers because cohesive forces hold the molecules together.
- In this section we examine effects of cohesive and adhesive forces in liquids.
- This property is caused by cohesion of similar molecules and is responsible for many of the behaviors of liquids.
- The cohesive forces among liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension, as shown in .
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Capillary Action
- When attractive forces occur between like molecules, they are referred to as cohesive forces, or resulting in cohesion, because they hold the molecules of sample close together.
- These cohesive forces are especially strong at the surface of a liquid, resulting in the phenomenon of surface tension.
- For example, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the cohesion observed in water droplets.
- It occurs when the intermolecular attractive forces between the liquid and the solid surrounding surfaces (adhesive forces) are stronger than the cohesive forces within the liquid.
- A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other (cohesion) than to the material of the container (adhesion), causing the surface of the liquid to cave downward.
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Cohesiveness
- Advocacy groups that form along ideological, ethnic, or foreign policy objectives tend to have higher levels of internal cohesion.
- A social group exhibits some degree of social cohesion and is more than a simple collection or aggregate of individuals, such as people waiting at a bus stop or people waiting in a line.
- According to Ambrosio, "like other societal interest groups, ethnic identity groups establish formal organizations devoted to promoting group cohesiveness and addressing group concerns. " While many formal organizations, established by ethnic identity groups, are apolitical, others are created explicitly for political purposes.
- Antecedent factors, such as group cohesiveness, structural faults, and situational context, play into the likelihood of whether or not groupthink will impact the decision-making process.
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Functions of Religion
- Given this approach, Durkheim proposed that religion has three major functions in society: it provides social cohesion to help maintain social solidarity through shared rituals and beliefs, social control to enforce religious-based morals and norms to help maintain conformity and control in society, and it offers meaning and purpose to answer any existential questions.
- Religion, he argued, was an expression of social cohesion.
- In one sense, this still fits the structural-functional approach as it provides social cohesion among the members of one party in a conflict.
- For instance, the social cohesion among the members of a terrorist group is high, but in a broader sense, religion is obviously resulting in conflict without questioning its actions against other members of society.
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The Nature of Groups
- A social group exhibits some degree of social cohesion and is more than a simple collection or aggregate of individuals, such as people waiting at a bus stop or people waiting in a line.
- Explicitly contrasted with a social cohesion-based definition for social groups is the social identity perspective, which draws on insights made in social identity theory.
- The social identity approach posits that the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of social groups is "awareness of a common category membership" and that a social group can be "usefully conceptualized as a number of individuals who have internalized the same social category membership as a component of their self concept. " Stated otherwise, while the social cohesion approach expects group members to ask "who am I attracted to?
- Contrast the social cohesion-based concept of a social group with the social identity concept