conflicts of interest

Examples of conflicts of interest in the following topics:

• Conflicts of Interest

  • A situation in which someone in a position of trust has competing professional or personal interests is known as a conflict of interest.
  • The presence of a conflict of interest is independent from the execution of impropriety.
  • Someone accused of a conflict of interest may deny that a conflict exists because he/she did not act improperly.
  • In fact, a conflict of interest can exist even if there are no improper acts as a result of it.
  • Abuse of this type of conflict of interest is called nepotism.

• Defining Agency Conflicts

  • Moral hazard and conflict of interest (COI) may thus arise .
  • Much of the contemporary interest in corporate governance is concerned with mitigation of the conflicts of interests between stakeholders.
  • A conflict of interest occurs when an individual or organization is involved in multiple interests that may lead to conflicts in their ability to act in the best interest of one party.
  • In addition to conflicts of interest between managers, shareholders, and bondholders, conflicts of interest can also occur among other stakeholders of a company, such as the board of directors, employees, government, suppliers, and customers.
  • COI is sometimes termed "competition of interest" rather than "conflict", emphasizing a connotation of natural competition between valid interests rather than violent conflict.

• Conflicts of Interest Between Shareholders and Bondholders

  • The shareholders and bondholders have different rights and returns, leading to potential conflicts of interest.
  • The agency view of the corporation posits that the decision rights (control) of the corporation are entrusted to the manager (the agent) to act in the principals' interests.
  • The deviation from the principals' interests by the agent is called 'agency costs', which are often described as existing between managers and shareholders; but conflicts of interest can also exist between shareholders and bondholders.
  • Other conflicts of interest can stem from the fact that bonds often have a defined term, or maturity, after which the bond is redeemed, whereas stocks may be outstanding indefinitely but can also be sold at any point.
  • Describe the conflict of interest between a company's shareholders and its bondholders

• Conflict

  • War is the quintessential example of conflict.
  • Conflict theory emphasizes interests deployed in conflict, rather than the norms and values.
  • This perspective argues that the pursuit of interests is what motivates conflict.
  • The three tenets of conflict theory are as follows:
  • While societies may portray a sense of cooperation, a continual power struggle exists between social groups as they pursue their own interests.

• The Conflict Perspective

  • " The answer, for a conflict theorist attuned to unequal distributions of wealth, is the wealthy.
  • The conflict perspective, or conflict theory, derives from the ideas of Karl Marx, who believed society is a dynamic entity constantly undergoing change driven by class conflict.
  • Wright Mills is known as the founder of modern conflict theory.
  • In his work, he believes social structures are created because of conflict between differing interests.
  • In the conflict perspective, change comes about through conflict between competing interests, not consensus or adaptation.

• Styles of Interpersonal Conflict

  • Team conflict is a state of discord between individuals that work together.
  • In organizations, conflict is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values, and/or interests between people working together.
  • We can distinguish between two type of conflict: substantive and affective.
  • Substantive conflicts deal with aspects of a team's work.
  • For example, conflicts can arise over questions about an individual's performance, differing views about the scope of a task or assignment, disparate definitions of acceptable quality, or the nature of a project goal.

• Conflict Theory

  • Conflict theory was developed in part to illustrate the limitations of structural-functionalism.
  • Change occurs as a result of conflict between competing interests rather than through adaptation.
  • A heuristic device to help you think about society from a conflict perspective is to ask, "Who benefits from this element of society?
  • Not surprisingly, the primary limitation of the social-conflict perspective is that it overlooks the stability of societies.
  • This is particularly true of structural-functionalism and social-conflict theories.

• The Conflict Perspective

  • Conflict theory is particularly interested in the various aspects of master status in social position—the primary identifying characteristic of an individual seen in terms of race or ethnicity, sex or gender, age, religion, ability or disability, and socio-economic status.
  • According to the Conflict paradigm, every society is plagued by inequality based on social differences among the dominant group and all of the other groups in society.
  • According to conflict theorists, the family works toward the continuance of social inequality within a society by maintaining and reinforcing the status quo.
  • Conflict theorists have also seen the family as a social arrangement benefiting men more than women, allowing men to maintain a position of power.
  • According to conflict theorists, the family works toward the continuance of social inequality within a society by maintaining and reinforcing the status quo.

• Common Causes of Team Conflict

  • Some conflicts have their basis in how people behave, while others come from disagreements about the nature of the team's work and how it is being accomplished.
  • Competing interests: Conflict can arise when people have mutually incompatible desires or needs.
  • If a group norm calls for prompt arrival at meetings and prohibits the use of mobile devices during discussions, ignoring these practices can engender conflict.
  • Ambiguity about means and ends: Lack of clarity about tasks, strategies, and/or goals can lead people to make assumptions that others do not share or agree with, which can result in conflict.
  • Identify the causes of conflict within an organization as a conflict manager.

• Intergenerational Conflict

  • Intergenerational conflict plays a key role in the conflict perspective of aging.
  • The conflict perspective of aging is a strand of general sociological conflict theory, which is the theory that sees conflict as a normal aspect of social life rather than as an abnormal occurrence.
  • Conflict theory has three main premises: first, that society is comprised of different groups that compete for resources; second, that despite social attempts to portray a sense of cooperation, a continual power struggle exists between social groups as they pursue their own divergent and competing interests; third, social groups will use resources to their own advantage in pursuit of their own goals, even if it means taking advantage of another group of people.
  • The conflict perspective of aging is not solely about resource acquisition.
  • Members of the powerful generation act as gatekeepers and orchestrate the distribution of resources and powers to be in line with their own interests, often at the exclusion of the needs of other individuals and generations.