contraceptive mandate

Examples of contraceptive mandate in the following topics:

• Gender Inequality in Health Care

  • The Obama administration faced another controversy over gender equity in healthcare in 2012 with the administration's contraceptive mandate.
  • The effective meaning of Secretary Sebelius' announcement was that contraceptives are considered by the Obama administration to be a requisite component of health care.
  • The premise of the contraceptive mandate demonstrates present inequities in the American health care industry for male and female patients.
  • In the context of the 2012 contraceptive mandate debate, health care professionals' assessments that contraception is an integral component for women's health care, regardless of sexual activity, went largely unaddressed.
  • Instead, insurance coverage of contraception was framed as a government subsidy for sexual activity.This framing revealed inherent social inequalities for women in the domain of sexual health.

• Hormonal Methods

  • Hormonal contraception is a type of birth control method that acts on the endocrine system.
  • The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in 1960.
  • Altogether, 18% of the world's contraceptive users rely on hormonal methods.
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives prevent ovulation by suppressing the release of gonadotropins.
  • Oral contraceptives typically come in foil packets with designated pills for each day.

• Federal Mandates

  • According to the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), an intergovernmental mandate can take various forms.
  • Mandates can be applied either vertically or horizontally.
  • Vertically applied mandates refer to mandates directed by a level of government at a single department or program.
  • Horizontally applied mandates refer to mandates that affect various departments or programs.
  • In early 1995, Congress passed unfunded mandate reform legislation.

• Health Care Policy

  • It provides a number of mechanisms—including mandates, subsidies, and tax credits—to employers and individuals in order to increase the coverage rate.
  • Childhood vaccinations, or contraceptives save much more than they cost.
  • Government programs directly cover 27.8% of the population (83 million), including the elderly, disabled, children, veterans, and some of the poor, and federal law mandates public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay.

• Teaching High School Classes

  • Mandated social science classes include world history, U.S. history, government, and economics.
  • In addition to the core classes mentioned above, many states mandate that students take a health or wellness course in order to graduate.
  • In some places contraception is not allowed to be taught for religious reasons.

• The Affordable Care Act

  • The law faced several legal challenges, primarily based on the argument that an individual mandate requiring Americans to buy health insurance was unconstitutional.
  • Sebelius that the mandate was constitutional under the U.S.
  • Hobby Lobby, the Court ruled that "closely-held" for-profit corporations could be exempt on religious grounds under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act from regulations adopted under the Affordable Care Act that would have required them to pay for insurance that covered certain contraceptives.

• Spermicides

  • Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that eradicates sperm and is inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
  • Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that eradicates sperm and is inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
  • As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone.
  • Usually spermicides are combined with contraceptive barrier methods such as diaphragms, condoms, cervical caps, and sponges.
  • Spermicides are believed to increase the contraceptive efficacy of condoms.

• The New Feminism

  • As the success of suffrage neared, women extended their activism to focus on contraception, sexual autonomy, and economic rights.
  • For many feminists, legalizing contraception became a central issue in the campaign for equal social and political rights.
  • In response, contraception went underground.
  • New York state law prohibited the distribution of contraceptives or even contraceptive information, but Sanger hoped to exploit a provision in the law which permitted doctors to prescribe contraceptives for the prevention of disease.
  • The military undertook an extensive education campaign, focusing on abstinence, but also offering some contraceptive guidance.

• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

  • Names and descriptors of intrauterine contraceptive devices vary by location.
  • In the United States, two types of intrauterine contraceptive (both referred to as IUDs) are available: the copper Paragard and the hormonal Mirena.
  • Hormonal intrauterine contraceptives are considered to be a different type of birth control, and they are distinguished with the term intrauterine system or IUS.
  • Although use of the Mirena results in much lower systemic progestogen levels than other very-low-dose progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, it may still have some of the same side effects as low does progesterone-only hormonal contraceptives.
  • Unlike oral contraceptives, with the use of the Mirena the hormones are localized to the uterine area.

• The Mandate of Heaven

  • The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty, and used the Mandate of Heaven as justification.
  • The Mandate of Heaven did not require a ruler to be of noble birth, and had no time limitations.
  • Instead, rulers were expected to be good and just in order to keep the Mandate.
  • The Zhou claimed that their rule was justified by the Mandate of Heaven.
  • However, the Mandate of Heaven philosophy carried on throughout ancient China.