Examples of Downward Power in the following topics:
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- Legitimate power, power given to individuals willingly by others, is called "authority;" illegitimate power, power taken by force or the threat of force, is called "coercion. " In the corporate environment, power is often expressed as upward or downward.
- With downward power, a company's superior influences subordinates.
- Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic to humans as social beings.
- All parties to all relationships have some power.
- Compare the positives and negatives associated with the use of power and how power operates in society
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- Power is the ability to get things done.
- Although people sometimes regard power as evil or corrupt, power is a fact of organizational life and in itself is neither good nor bad.
- When a leader influences subordinates, it is called downward power.
- Power comes from several sources, each of which has different effects on the targets of that power.
- Also called "positional power," this is the power individuals have from their role and status within an organization.
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- The demand curve in a monopolistic competitive market slopes downward, which has several important implications for firms in this market.
- The demand curve of a monopolistic competitive market slopes downward.
- This is due to the fact that firms have market power: they can raise prices without losing all of their customers.
- Because the individual firm's demand curve is downward sloping, reflecting market power, the price these firms will charge will exceed their marginal costs.
- As you can see from this chart, the demand curve (marked in red) slopes downward, signifying elastic demand.
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- These inequalities result from a class system based on increasing gaps in income, wealth, and power between the few people on top and the masses of people at the bottom.
- Despite the myth that hard work leads to getting ahead and making it, for the most part people have little power to improve their class position.
- Research shows people are as likely to move downward as they are upward in the class system.
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- Present sources of energy include fossil fuels, various types of renewable energy, and nuclear power.
- Some of that energy has been preserved as fossil energy and some is directly or indirectly usable, such as via wind, hydro- or wave power.
- Nowadays, coal, natural gas, and nuclear power are the most popular fuels for electricity generation.
- Since commercial nuclear energy began in the mid 1950's, 2008 was the first year that no new nuclear power plant was connected to the grid, although two were connected in 2009.
- Annual generation of nuclear power has been on a slight downward trend since 2007, decreasing 1.8% in 2009 with nuclear power still meeting 13–14% of the world's electricity demand.
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- there is some degree of market power, meaning producers have some control over price; and
- A monopolistic competitive firm's demand curve is downward sloping, which means it will charge a price that exceeds marginal costs.
- The market power possessed by a monopolistic competitive firm means that at its profit maximizing level of production there will be a net loss of consumer and producer surplus.
- In a monopolistic competitive market, the demand curve is downward sloping.
- The clothing industry is monopolistically competitive because firms have differentiated products and market power.
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- When leaders and managers share information with lower-level employees, it is called downward, or top-down, communication.
- Effective downward communication gives employees a clear understanding of the message they have received.
- In the workplace, directives from managers to employees are the most basic form of downward communication.
- Another example of downward communication is a board of directors instructing management to take a specific action.
- Ensuring effective downward communication is not necessarily an easy task.
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- Due to Pigou's Wealth Effect, the Keynes' Interest Rate Effect, and the Mundell-Fleming Exchange Rate Effect, the AD curve slopes downward.
- As a result of Keynes' interest rate effect, Pigou's wealth effect, and the Mundell-Fleming exchange rate effect, the AD curve is downward sloping.
- In many ways, what Pigou is putting forward is the idea that downwards spiral on the IS-LM model , as predicted by Keynes due to deflation, will be counterbalanced by an increase in real wages and thus an increase in expenditure.
- In other words, a decrease in employment and prices will eventually see higher purchasing power and an increase in spending, creating wealth.
- These effects also play a crucial role in understanding the way in which the larger and more complex environment, including investments and fiscal and monetary policy, will retain this downwards slope.
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- Alternately, a decrease in demand will shift price downwards and volume to the left, decreasing both measurements to realign equilibrium with a reduced demand.
- Demand shifts can therefore often be affected by economic factors such as average spending power per person in a given economy or overall average income.
- Supply shifts are defined by more or less of a particular product/service being available to fulfill a given demand, affecting the equilibrium point by shifting the supply curve upwards or downwards.
- Due to the demand curve sloping downward and the supply curve sloping upwards, they inadvertently will cross at some given point on any supply/demand chart.
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- Sources of power include:
- The most significant distinction is that a monopoly has a downward sloping demand instead of the "perceived" perfectly elastic curve of the perfectly competitive market.