executive system

Examples of executive system in the following topics:

• Executive Function and Control

  • The executive system is a theoretical cognitive system that manages the processes of executive function.
  • There are five types of situation where routine behavior is insufficient for optimal performance, in which the executive system comes into play:
  • But if this behavior conflicts with internal plans (such as a diet), the executive system might be engaged to inhibit that response.
  • The abilities of the executive system mature at different rates over time because the brain continues to mature and develop connections well into adulthood.
  • During early adulthood (from ages 20 to 29) executive functions are at their peak, but in later adulthood these systems begin to decline.

• Chief Executive

  • As Chief Executive the president can: implement policy, supervise the executive branch of government, prepare an executive budget for submission to congress, and appoint and remove executive officials .
  • In a parliamentary system, the head of state is normally a different person from the head of government.
  • This is in contrast to a presidential system in a democracy, where the head of state often is also the head of government, and most importantly: the executive branch does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature.
  • The Parliamentary system can be contrasted with a presidential system which operates under a stricter separation of powers, whereby the executive does not form part of, nor is appointed by, the parliamentary or legislative body.
  • Since the legislative branch has more power over the executive branch in a parliamentary system, a notable amount of studies by political scientists have shown that parliamentary systems show lower levels of corruption than presidential systems of government.

• Checking the Power of the Governing Party

  • The Senate has the power to consider presidential appointments of judges and executive department heads.
  • The House of Representatives has the ability to impeach and the Senate may remove executive and judicial officers.
  • If one political party holds the executive branch of government then another political party can check the power of the executive branch by holding a majority of seats in the legislative branch .
  • While the checks and balances system between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches prevents any one branch from becoming tyrannical, this system has also been criticized for maintaining the status quo in government rather than promoting changes.
  • Describe the relationship between the political parties and a system of checks and balances

• The Powers of State Government

  • State governments are structured in accordance with state law and they share the same structural model as the federal system; they also contain three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.
  • An elected Governor heads the executive branch of every state.
  • Most states have a plural executive, where several key members of the executive branch are directly elected by the people and serve alongside the Governor.
  • Each state government is free to organize its executive departments and agencies in any way it likes, resulting in substantial diversity among the states with regard to every aspect of how their governments are organized.

• Executive Compensation

  • Levels of executive pay have been controversial in recent times, with only tenuous links between executive pay and company performance.
  • Also important in different companies are the chief marketing officer (CMO) and the chief information officer (CIO), who manages the information systems.
  • Executive pay (also known as executive compensation) is financial compensation received by an officer of a firm.
  • Defenders of high executive pay say that the global war for talent and the rise of private equity firms can explain much of the increase in executive pay.
  • Rather than signaling a conspiracy, defenders argue, the increase in executive pay is a mere byproduct of supply and demand for executive talent.

• The Oversight Function

  • The United States Congress has oversight of the Executive Branch and other U.S. federal agencies.
  • Congressional oversight refers to oversight by the United States Congress of the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies.
  • Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system.
  • It is an integral part of the American system of checks and balances.
  • The government's charter does not explicitly grant Congress the authority to conduct inquiries or investigations of the executive, to have access to records or materials held by the executive, or to issue subpoenas for documents or testimony from the executive.

• Making Policy

  • The executive and legislative branches of the United States pass and enforce laws.
  • However, the actual development and implementation of policies are under the purview of different bureaucratic institutions mainly comprised cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, government corporations, and regulatory agencies.
  • The remaining government organizations within the executive branch outside of the presidency are independent executive agencies.
  • Postal Service and Amtrak (the national rail passenger system) are government corporations.
  • Differentiate between cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, government corporation, and regulatory agencies in making policy

• Regulating Executive Branch Lobbyists

  • Lobbying the Executive Branch is similar to any other branch of the U.S. government and is regulated by laws pertaining to disclosure.
  • This was partly the result of a continuing shift of legislative authority from state governments to Washington and partly the result of new technologies and systems.
  • Executive branch agencies added a new layer of rule-making to congressional legislation.
  • However, it is true that many executive branch agencies have the power to write specific rules and are a target of lobbying.
  • Further complicating the relationship between lobbying and the Executive Branch is the fact that it is possible for one level of government to lobby another level.

• Conducting a Physical Inventory

  • There are three phases of a physical inventory: planning and preparation, execution, and analysis of results.
  • In addition, inventory control system software can speed the physical inventory process .
  • A perpetual inventory system tracks the receipt and use of inventory, and calculates the quantity on hand.
  • When analyzing the results, a company must compare the inventory counts submitted by each team with the inventory count from the computer system.
  • An inventory control system ensures that the company's books reflect the actual inventory on hand.

• Vertical Checks and Balances

  • To prevent one branch of government from becoming supreme, to protect the minority from the majority, and to induce the branches to cooperate, government systems employ a separation of powers in order to balance each of the branches.
  • This is accomplished through a system of checks and balances which allows one branch to limit another, such as the power of Congress to alter the composition and jurisdiction of the federal courts.
  • The executive branch (President) is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
  • He executes the instructions of Congress, may veto bills passed by Congress, and executes the spending authorized by Congress.
  • The president declares states of emergency, publishes regulations and executive orders, makes executive agreements, and signs treaties (ratification of these treaties requires the vote of two-thirds of the Senate).