federal system

Examples of federal system in the following topics:

• Websites

• Introduction to the Federal Reserve

  • The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States, which conducts the nation's monetary policy.
  • The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve, or the "Fed") is the central banking system of the United States.
  • Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded, and its structure has evolved.
  • Congress, and the system is subject to congressional oversight.
  • Describe the primary function and objectives of the Federal Reserve System

• The Changing Federal Role in the Economy

  • In the United States, the Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve, and informally as the Fed) serves as the central mechanism for understanding federal intervention (and de-entanglement) with the economy.
  • The central banking system of the United States, the Fed was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act.
  • Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded, and its structure has evolved.
  • The Federal Reserve System acts as the central mechanism for federal intervention in the U.S. economy.
  • Explain the role and the historical origins of the Federal Reserve System in the early 20th century

• Structure of the Federal Reserve

  • The Federal Reserve System (The Fed) was designed in order to maintain the central bank's independence and promote decentralized power.
  • The presidentially appointed Board of Governors (or Federal Reserve Board), an independent federal government agency located in Washington, D.C.
  • The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), composed of the seven members of the Federal Reserve Board and five of the 12 Federal Reserve Bank presidents, which oversees open market operations, the principal tool of U.S. monetary policy.
  • The diagram shows the relationship between the different organizations that compose the Federal Reserve System
  • Recall the structure of the Federal Reserve System of the United States

• The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government

  • Cooperative federalism is a concept of federalism where national, state and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems, rather than making policies separately but more or less equally or clashing over a policy in a system dominated by the national government.
  • In the American federal system, there are limitations on national government's ability to carry out its policies through the executive branch of state governments.
  • There are significant advantages in a federal system to obtain state assistance in the local implementation of federal programs.
  • Congress often avoids the adoption of completely nationalized programs by creating a delivery system for federal programs and by motivating compliance—threatening states that they will pose power over the regulated area completely.
  • While the federal system places limits on the ability of the national government to require implementation by a state executive branch or its local political subdivisions, that limitation does not apply in the same way to state judicial systems.

• Judicial Federalism

  • Judicial federalism is a theory that the judicial branch has a place in the check and balance system in U.S. federalism.
  • Judicial federalism relies on the fact that the judiciary has a place in the check and balance system within the federal government.
  • The first Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the lower federal courts and specified the details of federal court jurisdiction.
  • Madison changed the role of the judicial branch in the federal system.
  • Analyze the complex role of the state and federal judiciary in the federal system

• Federal Jurisdiction

  • The American legal system includes both state courts and federal courts.
  • Generally, state courts hear cases involving state law, although they may also hear cases involving federal law so long as the federal law in question does not grant exclusive jurisdiction to federal courts.
  • Federal courts may only hear cases where federal jurisdiction can be established.
  • The federal district courts represent one of the ways federal jurisdiction is split.
  • Discuss the different levels of jurisdiction by state and federal courts in the American legal system

• "We the People"

  • The United States Constitution established a system of government that aims to derive its power from the people.
  • There are two types of federal systems: dual federalism and cooperative federalism.
  • A unique aspect of the US system of government is that, while the rest of the world views the United States as one country, domestically, US constitutional law recognizes a federation of state governments separate from (and not subdivisions of) the federal government.
  • As a result, although the federal government is recognized as sovereign and has supreme power over the matters within its control, the US constitutional system also recognizes the concept of "state sovereignty," wherein certain matters are susceptible to government regulation, but only at the state level, and not the federal level.
  • For example, although the federal government prosecutes crimes against the United States (such as treason or interference with the postal system), the general administration of criminal justice is reserved to the states.

• Federalism

  • Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States.
  • The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units.
  • Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and state governments, creating what is often called a federation.
  • The theory originated within the Jacksonian democracy movement as backlash against the mercantilist American System and supported centralization of government under the Adams administration during the 1820s.
  • This became known as Cooperative Federalism.

• The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)

  • The NCUA is the independent federal agency created by the U.S.
  • Congress to regulate, charter, and supervise federal credit unions.
  • The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is the United States independent federal agency that supervises and charters federal credit unions.
  • The federal law sought to make credit available and promote thrift through a national system of nonprofit, cooperative credit unions.
  • The National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) is the federal fund created by Congress in 1970 to insure member's deposits in federally insured credit unions.