feminization of poverty

Examples of feminization of poverty in the following topics:

• The Feminization of Poverty

  • The feminization of poverty refers to the fact that women represent a disproportionate share of the world's poor.
  • Recent attempts to reduce global poverty have utilized systems of microcredit, which give small loans to poor households in an attempt to break the cycle of poverty.
  • The feminization of poverty describes a phenomenon in which women represent a disproportionate percentage of the world's poor.
  • Women's increasing share of poverty is related to the rising incidence of lone mother households.
  • Increasing health services to women could, therefore, mitigate the feminization of poverty.

• The Feminist Perspective

  • In 2008, 10% of births were to teenage girls, and 14% were to women ages 35 and older.
  • Feminism is a broad term that is the result of several historical social movements attempting to gain equal economic, political, and social rights for women.
  • First-wave feminism focused mainly on legal equality, such as voting, education, employment, marriage laws, and the plight of intelligent, white, middle-class women.
  • Although there was great improvements with perceptions and representations of women that extended globally, the movement was not unified and several different forms of feminism began to emerge: black feminism, lesbian feminism, liberal feminism, and social feminism.
  • In the United States, 82.5 million women are mothers of all ages, while the national average age of first child births is 25.1 years.

• Second-Wave Feminism

  • Second-wave Feminism is a period of feminist activity that manifested in the United States during the early 1960s, lasting through the 60s, 70s, and 80s.
  • Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (i.e. voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
  • Many feminists view the second-wave feminist era as ending with the intra-feminism disputes of the Feminist Sex Wars , which ushered in the era of third-wave feminism.
  • This book is widely credited with having begun second-wave feminism.
  • Second-wave feminism was largely successful, with the failure of the ratification of the ERA the only major legislative defeat .

• Gender and Social Movements

  • Second-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity beginning in the early 1960s and through the late 1980s.
  • Second Wave Feminism has existed continuously since then, and continues to coexist with what some people call Third Wave Feminism.
  • Finally, the third-wave of feminism began in the early 1990s.
  • Third-wave feminism seeks to challenge or avoid what it deems the second wave's "essentialist " definitions of femininity , which (according to them) over-emphasized the experiences of upper middle class white women.
  • There is and must be a diversity of feminisms, responsive to the different needs and concerns of women, and defined by them for themselves.

• Measuring Poverty

  • Economic measures of poverty focus on material needs, typically including the necessities of daily living such as food, clothing, shelter, or safe drinking water.
  • Poverty in this sense may be understood as a condition in which a person or community is lacking in the basic needs for a minimum standard of well-being, particularly as a result of a persistent lack of income.
  • Social measures of poverty may include lack of access to information, education, health care, or political power.
  • The World Bank uses this definition of poverty to label extreme poverty as living on less than US $1.25 per day, and moderate poverty as less than $2 or $5 a day.
  • Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of the population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income.

• The Feminist Perspective

  • At the turn of the century, the first wave of feminism focused on official, political inequalities and fought for women's suffrage.
  • In the 1960s, second wave feminism, also known as the women's liberation movement, turned its attention to a broader range of inequalities, including those in the workplace, the family, and reproductive rights.
  • Currently, a third wave of feminism is criticizing the fact that the first two waves of feminism were dominated by white women from advanced capitalist societies.
  • The relationship between feminism and race was largely overlooked until the second wave of feminists produced literature on the topic of black feminism.
  • Identify the main tenets of the feminist perspective and its research focus, distinguishing the three waves of feminist theory

• The Dynamics of Poverty

  • Poverty operates in a dynamic cycle, with the effects of poverty increasing the likelihood that it will be transferred between generations.
  • This perpetuation of deprivation is the cycle of poverty.
  • The basic premise of the poverty cycle the idea that poverty is a dynamic process—its effects may also be its causes.
  • In this way, inadequate or lack of education can perpetuate poverty.
  • Finally, poverty increases the risk of homelessness.

• The Women's Rights Movement

  • Second-wave feminism is a period of feminist activity.
  • Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (i.e. voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
  • The second wave of feminism in North America came as a delayed reaction against the renewed domesticity of women after World War II: the late 1940s post-war boom, which was an era characterized by an unprecedented economic growth, a baby boom, a move to family-oriented suburbs, and the ideal of companionate marriages.
  • This book is widely credited with having begun second-wave feminism.
  • Compare and contrast the first and second waves of feminism in the United States

• The Influence of Feminism

  • Feminism in art has always sought to change the reception of contemporary art and bring visibility to women within art history and practice.
  • Feminism has always existed and, generally speaking, prioritizes the creation of an opposition to this system.
  • Corresponding with general developments within feminism, the so-called "second wave" of the movement gained some prominence in the 1960s and flourished throughout the 1970s.
  • During the heyday of second wave feminism, women artists in New York began to come together for meetings and exhibitions.
  • Postmodern feminism is an approach to feminist theory that incorporates postmodern and post-structuralist theory, and thus sees itself as moving beyond the modernist polarities of liberal feminism and radical feminism towards a more intersectional concept of our reality.

• Poverty

  • Poverty is the condition of not having access to material resources, income, or wealth.
  • Poverty describes the state of not having access to material resources, wealth, or income.
  • Poverty may correspond not only to lack of resources, but to the lack of opportunity to improve one's standard of living and acquire resources.
  • If there is a high level of social mobility, it is relatively easy for people to leave poverty.
  • While some factors that contribute to poverty are the result of individual choices, such as dropping out of school or committing a crime, other factors affect poverty that are beyond individual control.