"Four Wangs"

Examples of "Four Wangs" in the following topics:

• Orthodox Confucian Painting under the Qing Dynasty

  • The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Six Masters, including the Four Wangs.
  • The Six Masters include the flower painter Yun Shouping, the landscape painter Wu Li, and the Four Wangs: Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yuanqi, and Wang Hui.
  • The Four Wangs were particularly renowned in the Orthodox School and sought inspiration in recreating the past styles, especially the technical skills in brushstrokes and calligraphy of ancient masters.
  • Wang Hui and the three other Wangs dominated Orthodox art in China throughout the late Ming and early Qing periods.
  • Of the Four Wangs, Wang Hui is considered to be the best known today.

• Philosophy and Art of the Han Dynasty

  • Spanning over four centuries, the Han Dynasty period is considered a golden age in Chinese history highly influenced by Confucianism.
  • It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE) of the former regent Wang Mang.
  • Spanning over four centuries, the period of the Han Dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history.
  • Philosophical works written by Yang Xiong (53 BCE – 18 CE), Huan Tan (43 BCE – 28 CE), Wang Chong (27–100 CE), and Wang Fu (78–163 CE) questioned whether human nature was innately good or evil and posed challenges to Dong's universal order.

• Painting under the Yuan Dynasty

  • Wang Meng was a famous painter of the Yuan Dynasty, and one of his most famous works is the Forest Grotto.
  • The later Yuan Dynasty is characterized by the work of the so-called "Four Great Masters."
  • Wang Meng and the great masters of the Yuan Dynasty exclusively painted landscapes, which they believed to be the visible key to the invisible reality.

• Summary, exercises, and references

  • List and describe the four dynamics that should be considered in order to choose the right relationship.
  • List the four major phases involved in the relationship development process.
  • Wang. " Development if Outsourcing Theory and Practice. " Idea Group Inc., 2006.

• Calligraphy during the Six Dynasties Period

  • One of these famous calligraphers was Wang Xizhi, who lived during the 4th century CE in the middle of the Jin Dynasty.
  • Wang Xizhi was traditionally referred to as the Sage of Calligraphy, and he is considered by many to be one of the most esteemed Chinese calligraphers of all time and a master of all forms of Chinese calligraphy, especially the running script.
  • The Lantingji Xu is a famous work of calligraphy by Wang Xizhi, composed in the year 353 CE.
  • Main text of a Tang Dynasty copy of Wang Xizhi's Lantingji Xu, by Feng Chengsu.
  • Throughout Chinese history, many copies were made of the Lantingji Xu, which described the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and the get-together of Wang Xizhi and his friends.

• Modern Chinese Painting

  • One of the stated goals of the Cultural Revolution was to bring an end to the Four Olds—Old Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas.
  • One particular case of freehand style (xieyi hua) may be noted in the work of the child prodigy Wang Yani, born in 1975, who started painting at age 3 and has since considerably contributed to the exercise of the style in contemporary artwork.

• The Eastern Han Period

  • When the Western Han period ended in 9 CE, the regent to the prior emperor, Wang Mang, proclaimed his own new dynasty, the Xin Dynasty.
  • A rebel army called the Chimei ("Red Eyebrows") developed out of the peasantry, and they defeated Wang Mang's armies and stormed the capital of Chang'an.
  • They killed Wang Mang and put their own puppet ruler on the throne.

• The Song Dynasty

  • Mahayana Buddhism influenced Fan Zhongyan and Wang Anshi through its concept of ethical universalism, while Buddhist metaphysics had a deep impact upon the pre-Neo-Confucian doctrine of Cheng Yi.
  • Although his contemporary peers did not accept his writings, Zhu's commentary and emphasis upon the Confucian classics of the Four Books as an introductory corpus to Confucian learning formed the basis of the Neo-Confucian doctrine.
  • By the year 1241, under the sponsorship of Emperor Lizong, Zhu Xi's Four Books and his commentary on them became standard requirements of study for students attempting to pass the civil service examinations.

• References

  • Wang, S. & Han, S. (2001).

• The Northern Song Era

  • After Fan was forced to step down from his office, Wang Anshi (1021–1086) became chancellor of the imperial court.
  • With the backing of Emperor Shenzong (1067–1085), Wang Anshi severely criticized the educational system and state bureaucracy.
  • Seeking to resolve what he saw as state corruption and negligence, Wang implemented a series of reforms called the New Policies.
  • Wang Anshi's "New Policies Group" (Xin Fa), also known as the "Reformers," were opposed by the ministers in the "Conservative" faction led by the historian and chancellor Sima Guang (1019–1086).
  • One of the prominent victims of the political rivalry, the famous poet and statesman Su Shi (1037–1101), was jailed and eventually exiled for criticizing Wang's reforms.