Fourth Party System

Examples of Fourth Party System in the following topics:

• The Golden Age: 1860–1932

  • Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system, mining, and labor unions also gained in importance .
  • Gilded Age politics, called the Third Party System, were characterized by rampant corruption and intense competition between the two parties (with minor parties coming and going), especially on issues of Prohibitionist, labor unions and farmers.
  • The Third Party System lasted from about 1854 to the mid-1890s, and featured profound developments in issues of nationalism, modernization, and race.
  • The Fourth Party System lasted from about 1896 to 1932, and was dominated by the Republican Party, excepting the 1912 split in which Democrats held the White House for eight years.
  • The period featured a transformation from the issues of the Third Party System, instead focusing on domestic issues such as regulation of railroads and large corporations ("trusts"), the money issue (gold versus silver), the protective tariff, the role of labor unions, child labor, the need for a new banking system, corruption in party politics, primary elections, direct election of senators, racial segregation, efficiency in government, women's suffrage, and control of immigration.

• The Two-Party System

  • A two-party system is a system in which two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government and the majority of elected offices are members of one of the two major parties.
  • The modern political party system in the U.S. is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
  • The Fourth Party System, 1896 to 1932, retained the same primary parties as the Third Party System, but saw major shifts in the central issues of debate.
  • There are two main reasons winner–takes–all systems lead to a two-party system.
  • One opinion in political science is that a two-party system promotes centrism, less extremism, and that a two-party system is generally more stable and easier to govern than multi-party systems which can become a hung parliament.

• Partisan Politics

  • The Gilded party era was characterized by intense voter interest, routinely high voter turnout, and unflinching party loyalty.
  • The Third Party System is a term of periodization used by historians and political scientists to describe a period in American political history from about 1854 to the mid-1890s that featured profound developments in issues of nationalism, modernization, and race.
  • This period is defined by its contrast with the eras of the Second Party System and the Fourth Party System.
  • Under the Second and Third Party Systems, parties financed their campaigns through patronage; now civil service reform was undercutting that revenue and entirely new, outside sources of funding became critical.
  • Party loyalty itself weakened as voters were switching between parties much more often.

• Political Parties

  • The type of electoral system is a major factor in determining the type of political party system.
  • In single-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power.
  • Congress are examples of two-party systems.
  • Multi-party systems are systems in which more than two parties are represented and elected to public office.
  • The United States Congress is an example of a two-party system of governance.

• Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties

  • America's democratic system is predominantly a two party system.
  • Currently, the two major American parties are the Democratic and Republican parties, although the top two parties change over time.
  • A third party is any party that supports a candidate for election other than the two major political parties; at the current moment, a third party would be any party other than the Democratic and Republican parties.
  • Since third party candidates do not have a legitimate chance of winning national election given the structure of the current system, most third parties do not tend to try to pursue moderate voters and instead stay close to their ideological roots.
  • The three main third parties are the Libertarian Party, the Green Party, and the Constitution Party .

• Party Organization

  • Throughout most of its history, American politics have been dominated by a two-party system.
  • Political scientists and historians have divided the development of America's two-party system into five eras.
  • The modern two-party system consists of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
  • The modern political party system in the United States is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
  • The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States.

• The National Party Organization

  • The modern political party system in the United States is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
  • At various times, the Socialist Party, the Farmer-Labor Party and the Populist Party had considerable local strength, and then faded away.
  • At present, the Libertarian Party is the most successful third party.
  • Statehood Party has served as a strong third party behind the Democratic Party and Republican Party.
  • Explain the history of political party organization and the significance of party committees for each of the major political parties

• Political Parties and Elections

  • The type of electoral system is a major factor in determining the type of party political system.
  • In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes due to legal restrictions on political parties.
  • In two-party systems, such as in Jamaica and Ghana, the two political parties dominate to such an extent that electoral success under the banner of any other party is virtually impossible.
  • Multi-party systems are systems in which more than two parties are represented and elected to public office.
  • Evaluate the party system, both in proportional representation voting systems and two-party systems

• The Fourth Amendment and Search and Seizure

  • The Fourth Amendment to the U.S.
  • The Fourth Amendment applies to the states by way of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • There are also some circumstances in which a third party who has equal control, or common authority, over the property may consent to a search.
  • For example, courts have found that a person does not possess a reasonable expectation of privacy in information transferred to a third party, such as writing on the outside of an envelope sent through the mail or left for pick-up in an area where others might view it.
  • Describe the the historical circumstances that generated the Fourth Amendment and the protections the Amendment affords

• Political Parties from 1800–1824

  • The First Party System refers to political party system existing in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824.
  • The First Party System is a model of American politics used by political scientists and historians to periodize the political party system existing in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824.
  • The First Party System ended during the Era of Good Feelings (1816–1824), as the Federalists shrank to a few isolated strongholds and the Republicans lost unity.
  • In 1824-28, as the Second Party System emerged, the Republican Party split into the Jacksonian faction, which became the modern Democratic Party in the 1830s, and the Henry Clay faction, which was absorbed by Clay's Whig Party.
  • Distinguish the issues and policies supported by the first political parties and identify the central elements of the First Party System